Kuhira ni bumwe mu buryo bukomeye bwo kugenzura amazi ku gihe kandi bikwiye gusabwa gukura no gukura. Birashobora kuba igipimo cyiza cyo guhimba ubwinshi kandi budahagije bwo kugwa kwikikiro. Rimwe na rimwe kuhira kuzunguruka nabyo bikoreshwa mu gukaraba Ifumbire mvaruganda, udukoko n'umukungugu bifatanye n'amababi y'umugozi, no gukonja mu bihe bishyushye kandi byumye.
1. Akamaro n'imikorere ya nyakatsi
(1) Kuhira ni ishingiro ryibintu byo kwemeza iterambere risanzwe ryibiti bya nyakatsi
Ibimera bya nyakatsi bitwara amazi menshi mugihe cyo gukura kwabo. Dukurikije ibipimo, ibimera bya nyakatsi bimara 500-700g y'amazi kuri buri 1g yibintu byumye byakozwe. Kubwibyo, kwishingikiriza gusa kumvura yo mu kirere ntirihagije. Cyane cyane mu turere twihishe, ahantu hamwe no kugwa cyane, amazi niyo mpamvu nini igabanya cyane yo gukura no guteza imbere. Nuburyo bwiza cyane bwo gukemura urumuri rwa nyakatsi ni uguhira.
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Mugihe cyizuba, amababi yibiti bya nyakatsi ni bito kandi binanutse, kandi amababi ahinduka umuhondo. Icyatsi kizahinduka umuhondo kugera icyatsi nyuma yo kuvomera bihagije.
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Mu bihe bishyushye mu ci, kuhira ku rugero birashobora kugabanya ubushyuhe, kongera ubushyuhe, no gukumira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru butwika. Gukora kuhira imbeho mbere yuko imbeho birashobora kongera ubushyuhe no gukumira ibyangiritse.
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Kuhira kwubwatsi birashobora kongera guhangana na nyakatsi no guhagarika urumamfu, bityo turushaho kwingirakamaro.
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Kuhira ku gihe birashobora kubuza indwara, udukoko twangiza kandi twangiza inzoka, kandi nimwe muburyo bwingenzi bwo kwiyongera kwimiza isanzwe yibihingwa. Udukoko twinshi n'indwara bibaho kenshi mugihe cyigihe cyizuba, nka aphide nicyorezo kinini, gifite urugero runini kandi rwangiza cyane mugihe cy'amapfa. Udukoko twa nyakatsi rushobora guteza ibyago bikomeye kubiza mugihe cyizuba. Kuhira ku mugihe birashobora gukuraho izo ndwara.
2. Kugena ibyangombwa byamazi
Hariho ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka ku mikoreshebiri y'amazi. Ibintu by'ingenzi ni amoko n'ubwoko, ubwoko bwubutaka n'ibidukikije. Ibi bintu mubisanzwe biganisha hamwe muburyo bugoye. Mu bihe rusange byo kubungabunga, ibisanzwe bisaba amazi 25-40m mu cyumweru, gishobora kubahirizwa n'imvura, kuhira, cyangwa byombi. Umubare w'amazi asabwa kuhira biratandukanye mu turere dufite ikirere gitandukanye. Ibimera muri rusange bikoresha gusa 1% byamazi bakuramo. Gukura n'iterambere.
(1) guhumeka
Evapotranspiration ni ikintu cyingenzi muguhitamo ibisabwa byamazi. Yerekeza kumazi yose yatakaye na nyakatsi kuri buri gice mugice gisanzwe binyuze mubumwe no guhumeka hejuru. Mu nyakatsi hamwe no kuvurwa binini, umukorikoramu ni igice kinini cyo gutakaza amazi.
(2) Imiterere y'ubutaka
Imyambarire yubutaka ifite ingaruka zikomeye kumurongo wamazi, kubika no kuboneka. Ubutaka bwa Sandy bufite impfu nyinshi, bityo iyi misige yubutaka itembaga neza ariko ifite ubushobozi buke bwo gufata amazi. Ubutaka bwibumba butwara buhoro buhoro kuko bafite urugero rwo hejuru rwa micro-tulport kuruta ubutaka bwumusenyi, mugihe ubutaka bwihishe bufite amazi menshi kubera ubuso bunini bwibice hamwe nibinini byingenzi. Ubutaka bwa Laam bufite imiyoboro iringaniye no kubika amazi.
(3) Imiterere yikirere
Imiterere y'igihugu cyanjye iragoye, kandi imvura iratandukanye cyane mu mwanya, kuva milimetero magana make ku mwaka mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba kugeza ku nkombe zirenga igihumbi. Gukwirakwiza ibihe byimvura nabyo biraba mutaringaniye cyane. Gukoresha amazi biratandukanye bivuye ahantu hamwe, kandi ingamba zigomba guhuzwa nubuzima bwaho. Menya gahunda y'amazi meza yo kuhira kugirango akingure kugabanyirizwa imvura mugihe nu mwanya.
(4) Kugena amazi
Mugihe habuze ibintu byapima imiterere ya Evapotsinspition, gukoresha amazi birashobora kugenwa bishingiye kumakuru amwe amwe. Nkibisanzwe, mugihe cyizihiza cyizihinga, kuhira buri cyumweru bigomba kuba 2.5-3.8cm kugirango bakomeze icyatsi kibisi na subrant. Mu turere dushyushye kandi zera, 5.1cm cyangwa Amazi arashobora gukoreshwa buri cyumweru. Kubera ko imizi yumuriro itanzwe cyane cyane murwego rwubutaka hejuru ya 10-15cm, urwego rwubutaka rugomba gutaka kuri 10-15cm nyuma ya buri kuhira.
3. Igihe cyo kuhira
InararibonyeAbayobozi b'indaakenshi ucire urubanza igihe cyo kuvoka gishingiye kubimenyetso byamafaranga yo kubura amazi muri nyakatsi. Ibyatsi bigoramye bihinduka ubururu-icyatsi cyangwa icyatsi-icyatsi. Niba ushobora kubona ibirenge cyangwa inzira nyuma yo kugenda cyangwa kuyobora imashini hejuru ya nyakatsi, bivuze ko icyatsi kigufi cyamazi. Iyo ibyatsi bitangiye kwibeshya, bitakaza imbaraga zayo. Ubu buryo nibyiza kuri ntabwo bukwiye kurenga kubwurwego rwisumbuye hamwe nimodoka ndende, kuko ibyatsi bigufi cyane muri iki gihe, cyagize ingaruka kumiterere ya nyakatsi, kandi nyakatsi igabanya ubwiza bwa nyakatsi, kandi nyakatsi yagiranye ubwiza bwa nyakatsi, kandi nyakatsi yagiranye ubwiza bwa nyakatsi, kandi nyakatsi igabanya ubwiza bwa nyakatsi, kandi nyakatsi igabanya ubwiza bwa nyakatsi, kandi nyakatsi yagiranye ubwiza bwa nyakatsi, kandi nyakatsi yagiranye ubwiza bwa nyakatsi, kandi nyamara itigeze yamazi adashobora iduti yakandagirwa.
Koresha icyuma kugirango usuzume ubutaka. Niba ubutaka kuri 10-15cm ntarengwa yo gukwirakwiza nyakatsi bwumye, ugomba kuvomera. Ibara ryubutaka bwumye ni bworoshye kuruta ubwo butaka butose.
Igihe cyihendutse cyumunsi cyo kuhira kigomba kuba mugihe nta muyaga, ubushuhe bwinshi, nubushyuhe buke. Ibi cyane cyane kugabanya gutakaza amazi. Imiterere nijoro cyangwa mugitondo cya kare birashobora kuzuza ibisabwa byavuzwe haruguru, kandi gutakaza amazi yo kuhira ni bike. Ariko, kuhira saa sita, 50% by'amazi birashobora guhinduka mbere yo kugera hasi. Ariko, ubushuhe bukabije muri kantu akenshi biganisha ku ndwara. Kuhira kwa nijoro bizatuma ibyatsi bya nyakatsi bitose amasaha menshi cyangwa birebire. Mubihe nkibi, ibishashara nibishakira nibindi bice birinda hejuru yibimera bya nyakatsi byabacyo. Indwara ya mikoroguzi na mikorobe biroroshye kwifashisha no gukwirakwira mu ngingo. Kubwibyo, nyuma yo gutekereza cyane, bizeraga ko mugitondo cya kare aricyo gihe cyiza cyo gushiraho amategeko.
4. Inshuro yo kuhira
Muri rusange, kuhira inshuro 1-2 mu cyumweru. Niba ubutaka bufite ubushobozi bwiza bwo kugumana amazi kandi burashobora kubika amazi menshi mumuzi, amazi asabwa arashobora kumvikana rimwe mu cyumweru. Ubutaka bwa Sandy hamwe nubushobozi bwo kugumana namazi bigomba kumenyekana inshuro 2, buri mezi 3. -Ibirenge igice cyamazi asabwa buri cyumweru iminsi 4.
Igihe cya nyuma: Jul-01-2024