Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ubukangurambaga bw’igihugu ku kurengera ibidukikije bwakomeje kwiyongera. Ubutaka, nk'igice cy’icyatsi kibisi gikoresha amabara make, bwamenyekanye cyane kubera akamaro kabwo mu kurengera ibidukikije no kubyibuha. Umubare w’ubwoko bw’ibyatsi byashyizwemo wikubye kabiri, kandi ahantu henshi hagaragara ibimera byinshi mu maso y’abantu. Muri iki gihe, inganda z’ubwatsi zinjiye mu gihe cy’iterambere rikomeye.
Guhitamo ubwoko neza ni kimwe cya kabiri cy'intsinzi yaikigo cy'ubwatsiGuhitamo bigomba gukurikiza amahame abiri akurikira:
Amahame yo guhangana n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere n'ibidukikije
Ihame ryo guhuza ikirere n'ibidukikije ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi mu guhitamo ubwoko bw'ibyatsi byo mu gasozi. Dukurikije uko ibimera bibyitwaramo mu miterere y'ikirere n'aho bituye, ibyatsi bishobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: ibihe by'ubukonje n'ibihe by'ubushyuhe.
Ubushyuhe bwiza bwo gukura kw'ubwatsi mu gihe cy'ubukonje ni 15℃-25℃. Gukura kwabwo ahanini bigengwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, igihe cy'ubushyuhe bukabije n'amapfa. Ubwatsi mu gihe cy'ubukonje bukwiriye cyane guterwa mu turere tunini two mu majyaruguru y'uruzi rwa Yangtze mu Majyaruguru y'Amajyaruguru y'igihugu cyanjye, mu Majyaruguru y'Uburengerazuba bw'u Bushinwa, mu Majyaruguru y'u Bushinwa, mu Burasirazuba bw'u Bushinwa, no mu Bushinwa bwo Hagati. Ibiranga byabwo by'ingenzi ni igihe kirekire cy'icyatsi kibisi, ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi cyijimye, kandi bisaba kugenzurwa neza. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bwo guhitamo, harimo ubwoko amagana bw'ubwoko burenga 40 bukomoka mu moko arenga cumi n'abiri, harimo Poa, Festuca, Lolium, Bentgrass, Brome na Alkali.
Ubushyuhe bwiza bwo gukura ku byatsi byo mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe ni 25°C-35°C, kandi gukura kwabyo ahanini bigengwa n'ubushyuhe buke cyane n'igihe kirekire. Bikwiriye guterwa mu turere dushyuha, mu turere dushyuha, no mu turere dushyuha two hagati mu gihugu cyanjye. Ibiranga by'ingenzi ni ukwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi, kwihangana neza ku ndwara, no kurwanya imicungire yagutse. Ubwoko bwinshi bufite igihe gito cy'icyatsi kibisi, ibara ryoroheje ry'icyatsi kibisi, kandi hari ubwoko buke bwo guhitamo., harimo ubwoko hafi ijana bw'ubwoko burenga 20 mu moko arenga cumi n'abiri, harimo Bermudagrass, Zoysia, Teff, na Bisongrass.
Bitewe n’iterambere rirambye ry’inganda z’ubwatsi mu gihugu cyanjye, imbaraga za siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga zishyirwamo zagiye ziyongera buhoro buhoro. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, hashyizweho ahantu hakorerwa ubushakashatsi ku buryo ubwoko bw’ubwatsi bushobora guhinduka mu buryo busanzwe hirya no hino mu gihugu, bitanga icyizere cyizewe cyo guhitamo ubwoko bw’ubwatsi bukwiye.
Ibigo by’ubushakashatsi bya siyansi bireba n’ibigo binini mu gihugu cyanjye byagiye bitanga ubwoko bw’ibyatsi byinshi bivuye mu mahanga, kandi bigenzura ubwoko bw’ibyatsi mu buryo butandukanye no mu buryo butandukanye. Ihame ryo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’ibidukikije by’ubwoko bw’ibyatsi byo mu gasozi ryaremewe muri rusange.
Ihame ry'inyungu zuzuzanya n'imiterere y'ubutaka
Ubusitani bukoreshwa nk'ishingiro ry'ubusitani, kandi imiterere y'ubusitani bwayo yitabwaho cyane. Ku bijyanye no guhitamo ubwoko bw'ibyatsi byo mu gasozi, gukurikiza ihame ry'ubusitani buhamye ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ubusitani bube bwiza. Kugira ngo bongere imbaraga zo kurwanya ubusitani ku bidukikije, abashakashatsi batanze uburyo bwo gutera imbuto zivanze. Inyungu nyamukuru yo gutera imbuto zivanze ni uko ubwoko bw'ibivange bufite inkomoko yagutse y'uturemangingo kurusha ubwoko bumwe, bityo bukaba bufite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'imimerere yo hanze. Ibice bitandukanye by'ubusitani buvanze bifite itandukaniro mu miterere y'uturemangingo, uburyo bwo gukura, ibisabwa kugira ngo habeho urumuri, ifumbire n'amazi, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ubutaka, no kurwanya indwara n'udukoko. Ubwoko bw'ibivange bufite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibidukikije kandi bugakora neza, kandi bushobora kugera ku nyungu zuzuzanya. . Ingano y'ibice biri mu ruvange rw'ubusitani igengwa n'ihame ry'ubusitani buhamye.
Hari uburyo bubiri bwo gutera imbuto zivanze: bumwe ni uruvange rw'amoko atandukanye mu bwoko bumwe. Urugero, mu majyaruguru y'igihugu cyanjye, ubusitani bw'imitako cyangwa imigozi y'ubutaka bikunze gukoreshwa mu kuvanga ubwoko butandukanye bwa bluegrass. Ibice bikunze kuba amoko 3-4, kandi uruvange hagati y'ubwoko ni rwo rukunze gukoreshwa. Igipimo gihinduka bitewe n'imiterere y'ubwoko; ku rundi ruhande, ni uruvange rw'ubwoko butandukanye bwa turfgrass hagati y'ubwoko, nk'uruvange rwa red fescue + bluegrass rukunze gukoreshwa mu mikino. Igipimo kiratandukanye bitewe n'urwego rw'ubuyobozi. Biratandukanye, ariko ihame ryo guhuza imiterere y'ubutaka rigomba kubanza kubahirizwa. Muri iki gice kivanze, bitewe n'imiterere y'amababi maremare ya fescue, red fescue igomba kuba igice cy'ingenzi cy'imbuto zivanze, kandi igipimo cyayo muri rusange ni 85 %-90%, ubusitani buvamo bushobora kugera ku ngaruka zimwe n'imiterere y'ubutaka.
Ubwatsi bw'ibimera biramba bukunze gukoreshwa mu bice bivanze byo gutera kugira ngo bukore nk'igihingwa cy'ibanze. Bumera vuba, bugakura ingemwe vuba, bugapfuka ubutaka vuba, bugashyiraho igicucu gito, bugashyiraho ahantu hakwiye imbuto z'ibimera biramba, kandi bushobora kubuza ibyatsi bibi gukura ku rugero runaka. Byongeye kandi, ubwatsi bw'ibimera biramba bukoreshwa no mu gihe cy'itumba mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe. Ariko, kubera ko ubwatsi bw'ibimera biramba cyane bushobora kubangamira ubuzima n'ikura ry'ibindi bice mu ruvange, igipimo cy'ubwatsi bw'ibimera biramba ntikigomba kurenza 50%.
Gutera ubwatsi bwiza ni umushinga ugoye kandi ugoye. Uretse guhitamo ubwoko bwa siyansi, ugomba no guhitamo igihe gikwiye cyo gutera, uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura uburiri, no gushyira mu bikorwa nezakubungabunga ubwatsin'uburyo bwo gucunga kugira ngo ubone ubusitani bwiza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-26-2024