Uburyo bwo gucunga ubusitani n'ubwatsi

Ubusitani n'ubwatsi ntibwubakwa rimwe na rimwe. Kimwe n'abana, buri gihe bikenera kwitabwaho witonze ahantu hose kugira ngo bikure neza. Abubatsi benshi b'ubwatsi birengagiza iyi ngingo kandi ntibagera ku musaruro witezweho. Ibi bikurikira ni ingamba nyinshi z'ibanze zo gucunga ubusitani. Iyo ubishoboye, ndizera ko ubusitani bwawe buzakomeza kugaragara neza kandi bukongera igihe cyabwo.

一. Gukata no gukata
Gukata ni kimwe mu bipimo by'ingenzi mu gucunga. Muri rusange, ingano y'ibihingwa bikatwa buri gihe ntigomba kurenza 1/3 cy'uburebure bw'ibyatsi. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira ni yo dusabwa gukoresha mu gukata ibihuru. Birumvikana ko bitewe n'uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha ubwatsi cyangwa ubushobozi buke bw'abakozi n'ibikoresho, ibi bipimo bikurikira ntibigomba gukurikizwa neza: Ubwoko bw'ibihingwa: cm Ubururu 3.8-6.4 Ubururu ndende 3.8-7.6 Ubururu 3.8-7.6 Ubururu 0.5-2.5 Ubwatsi bwa Bermuda 0.6-3.8 Zoysia 1.3-5 Intego yo gutema ntabwo ari ukugira ubwiza gusa, ahubwo icy'ingenzi kurushaho, gutema bishobora gutuma ubwatsi bumera neza, kongera ubucucike, ubugari n'ubukonje bw'ubwatsi, kongera ubushobozi bwo kwangirika kw'ubwatsi, no kongera igihe cyo gukora ubutaka. Gukata ku gihe bishobora kandi kubuza indabyo no gutera imbuto z'ibyatsi bibi, bityo ibyatsi bibi bikabura amahirwe yo kororoka no kubikuraho buhoro buhoro.

Gushyira hejuru
Kurigutunganya ubwatsi, ifumbire mvaruganda cyangwa ifumbire mvaruganda ishobora gukoreshwa. Ingingo zikurikira zigomba kwitabwaho mu gihe ukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda:
1. Igipimo cya N:P:K kigomba kugenzurwa kuri 5:4:3;
2. Igipimo rusange cy'ubutaka bukoreshwa ni 20 kg/mu;
3. Mu bihe bisanzwe, ifumbire ikoreshwa mu gihe cy'umuhindo mu majyepfo no mu mpeshyi mu majyaruguru;
4. Gufumbira no kuhira bigomba guhuzwa neza kugira ngo hirindwe ko ikoreshwa nabi ryangiza ubwatsi. Niba ibintu bibikwemerera, ni byiza gukoresha ifumbire y'amazi ifite igipimo cyiza. Ifumbire mvaruganda ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gihe cy'ubusitani butaragera, kandi ingano muri rusange ni 1000 ~ 1500 kg / mu, ikoreshwa buri myaka 2-3. Gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda ntibishobora kongera gusa ubusugire n'ubuso bw'ubutaka, ahubwo binafasha ubwatsi kugera mu gihe cy'itumba mu buryo butekanye.

三. Kuvomera
Kuhira ntibishobora gusa gukomeza gukura neza kw'ibyatsi byo mu gasozi, ahubwo binatuma amashami n'amababi bikomera kandi bikongera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubwatsi.
1. Igihembwe: Kuhira ubwatsi bigomba gukorwa mu gihe cy'izuba iyo amazi aturutse mu kirere ari menshi kurusha imvura. Mu gihe cy'itumba, nyuma y'uko ubutaka bw'ubwatsi bukonje, nta mpamvu yo kubuhira.
2. Igihe: Mu bijyanye n'ikirere, igihe cyiza cyo kuhira ni igihe hari umuyaga mwinshi, bishobora kugabanya kubura umwuka no koroshya kurumisha kw'amababi. Ku munsi, kugira ngo amazi akoreshwe neza, mu gitondo na nimugoroba ni byo bihe byiza byo kuhira. Ariko, kuhira nijoro ntibifasha kumisha ibyatsi byo mu gasozi kandi bishobora gutera indwara.
3. Ingano y'amazi: Ubusanzwe, mu gihe cy'umurima w'ibyatsi byo mu gasozi, kugira ngo ibyatsi byo mu gasozi bikomeze kuba bibisi, hakenewe amazi angana na cm 3 kugeza kuri 4 mu cyumweru. Mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe n'umurima w'icyatsi, icyatsi gikura cyane gikenera kongeramo cm 6 cyangwa zirenga mu cyumweru. Ingano y'amazi akenewe ahanini iterwa n'imiterere y'ubutaka bw'icyatsi.
4. Uburyo: Kuhira bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe kuhira imiti ikoreshwa mu gutera imiti, kuhira amazi anyura mu mazi, kuhira amazi anyura mu mazi n'ubundi buryo. Uburyo butandukanye bushobora gukoreshwa hakurikijwe urwego rutandukanye rwo kubungabunga no gucunga ibikoresho ndetse n'imiterere y'ibikoresho. Kugira ngo ibyatsi byo mu gasozi bitamera mu gihe cy'umuhindo kandi bihinduke icyatsi mu mpeshyi, hira amazi rimwe na rimwe. Uhira amazi neza kandi neza, ibyo bikaba ingirakamaro cyane ku byatsi byo mu gasozi kugira ngo bikomeze kubaho mu gihe cy'itumba kandi bihinduke icyatsi kibisi.

Gukumira no kugenzura indwara
1. Gushyira mu byiciro indwara z'ibyatsi byo mu gasozi
Indwara zishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri hakurikijwe indwara zitandukanye: indwara zitandura n'indwara zandura. Indwara zitandura ziterwa n'ibintu biri mu busitani no mu bidukikije. Urugero nko guhitamo nabi imbuto z'ibyatsi, kubura intungamubiri zikenewe kugira ngo ibyatsi byo mu busitani bikure mu butaka, kutagira ibipimo by'intungamubiri, ubutaka bwumye cyane cyangwa butose cyane, kwanduza ibidukikije, nibindi. Ubwo bwoko bw'indwara ntibwandura. Indwara zandura ziterwa n'ibihumyo, bagiteri, virusi, imitezi, nibindi. Ubwo bwoko bw'indwara bwandura cyane, kandi ibintu bitatu bikenewe kugira ngo iboneke ni: ibimera bishobora kwandura, indwara zishobora kwandura cyane, n'ibidukikije bikwiye.

2. Uburyo bwo gukumira no kurwanya ni ubu bukurikira:
(1) Kuraho inkomoko y’ibanze y’ubwandu bw’udukoko. Ubutaka, imbuto, ingemwe, ibimera birwaye mu murima, ibisigazwa by’ibimera birwaye n’ifumbire mvaruganda idafite ifumbire ni ahantu nyaburanga udukoko twinshi dukunze gukoreshwa mu gihe cy’itumba no mu gihe cy’impeshyi. Kubwibyo, kwica ubutaka (guca udukoko formalin bikunze gukoreshwa, ni ukuvuga formalin: amazi = 1:40, ingano y’ubutaka ni litiro 10-15 kuri metero kare cyangwa formalin: amazi = 1:50, ingano y’ubutaka ni litiro 20-25 kuri metero kare), uburyo bwo kuvura ingemwe (harimo no gushyira mu kato imbuto n’ingemwe no kuzica udukoko; uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa bwo kwica udukoko mu busitani ni: kuroba imbuto mu muti wa formalin wa 1%-2% mu minota 20-60, kuzikuramo nyuma yo kuzishyira mu mazi, kuzimesa, kuzimisha no kuzitera.) no gukuraho ibisigazwa by’ibimera birwaye n’izindi ngamba zo kurwanya.
(2) Gukumira no kurwanya ubuhinzi: ubutaka n'ibyatsi bikwiye, cyane cyane guhitamo ubwoko bw'ibimera birwanya indwara, gukuraho ibyatsi bibi ku gihe, guhinga mu buryo bwimbitse no gufumbira neza, kuvura ibimera birwaye n'ahantu harwaye indwara ku gihe, no kongera ubushobozi bwo gucunga amazi n'ifumbire. (3) Kurwanya imiti: gutera imiti yica udukoko kugira ngo uyirwanye. Muri rusange, tera umuti ukwiye wa Bordeaux inshuro imwe mu ntangiriro z'impeshyi mbere yuko ubwatsi butandukanye bujya mu gihe cyo gukura cyane, ni ukuvuga mbere yuko ubwatsi burwara, hanyuma utera umuti inshuro imwe buri byumweru 2, hanyuma utera umuti inshuro 3-4 zikurikiranye. Ibi bishobora gukumira indwara zitandukanye z'ibihumyo cyangwa za bagiteri. Ubwoko butandukanye bw'indwara busaba imiti yica udukoko butandukanye. Ariko, hagomba kwitabwaho ubwinshi bw'umuti wica udukoko, igihe n'umubare wo gutera umuti, n'ingano yo gutera umuti. Muri rusange, ingaruka zo gutera umuti ziba nziza iyo amababi y'ubwatsi yumye. Umubare wo gutera umuti ugenwa ahanini n'igihe umuti wica udukoko wamaze, muri rusange inshuro imwe buri minsi 7-10, kandi imiti 2-5 yose irahagije. Kongera gutera umuti bigomba gukorwa nyuma y'imvura. Byongeye kandi, imiti yica udukoko itandukanye igomba kuvangwa cyangwa igakoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye uko bishoboka kose kugira ngo hirindwe ko imiti idashobora kwangirika.

五. Kurwanya udukoko
1. Impamvu nyamukuru zitera kwangirika kw'udukoko two mu byatsi: ubutaka ntibwari bwaravuwe umuti wica udukoko mberekubaka ubwatsi(guhinga cyane no kumisha ubutaka, gucukura ubutaka kugira ngo hafatwe udukoko, kwica udukoko mu butaka, nibindi); ifumbire mvaruganda yakoreshejwe ntiyangiritse; gukumira no kurwanya hakiri kare ntibyari ku gihe cyangwa umuti wica udukoko wakoreshejwe nabi cyangwa nta ngaruka wagize, nibindi.

2. Kurwanya udukoko two mu byatsi byo mu gasozi mu buryo buhuriweho
(1) Kugenzura ubuhinzi: ubutaka bukwiye n'ibyatsi bikwiye, guhinga no kumisha mbere yo kubiba, gutoragura udukoko no gukuraho udukoko mu gihe ducukurwa, gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda yangiritse neza, kuhira no gucunga ku gihe, nibindi.
(2) Kugenzura imikorere n'amaboko: gufata ibintu byoroshye, kwica imiti yica udukoko n'ubutaka buhumanye, gufata n'intoki, n'ibindi.
(3) Kugenzura ibinyabuzima: ni ukuvuga gukoresha abanzi karemano cyangwa udukoko duto duto dutera indwara mu kugenzura. Urugero, udukoko duto dutera indwara mu kugenzura udukoko twinshi ni muscardine y'icyatsi, kandi ingaruka zo kugenzura ni 90%.
(4) Kurwanya imiti: Imiti yica udukoko ahanini ni fosifore y’umwimerere. Muri rusange, kuhira bigomba gukorwa vuba bishoboka nyuma yo kuyikoresha kugira ngo umuti ukwirakwira kandi wirinde gutakaza agaciro bitewe no kubora kw’izuba no guhindagurika kw’ikirere; gutera imiti akenshi bikoreshwa ku dukoko two ku butaka. Ariko, ku dukoko tumwe na tumwe, nk’udukoko two mu gasozi, kuhira nyuma yo kuyikoresha bigomba gukorwa nibura amasaha 24-72 nyuma yo kuyikoresha. Uburyo busanzwe ni ukuvanga imbuto n’imiti yica udukoko, gufata ibyatsi by’uburozi cyangwa gutera imiti.
Izi ngamba zavuzwe haruguru zishobora kuba zihagije ku muntu usanzwe ubaka ubusitani. Iyo ubusitani bufashwe neza, imbaraga zabwo zizakomeza kwiyongera cyane.