Kuhira ni bumwe mu buryo bw'ingenzi bwo kwemeza ko ingano y'amazi ikenewe ku gihe kandi ikwiye kugira ngo ubwatsi bukure kandi butere imbere. Bishobora kuba ingamba nziza yo kwishyura ingano ihagije n'ubusumbane bw'imvura mu kirere. Hari igihe kuhira hakoreshejwe imiyoboro ikoreshwa mu gusukura ubutaka. ifumbire mvaruganda, imiti yica udukoko n'umukungugu bifatanye n'amababi y'ubwatsi, no gukonja mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe n'izuba.
1. Akamaro n'akamaro ko kuhira ubwatsi
(1) Kuhira ni ishingiro ry'ibikoresho kugira ngo ibimera byo mu gasozi bikure neza
Ibimera byo mu bwatsi bikoresha amazi menshi mu gihe cyo gukura kwabyo. Dukurikije ibipimo, ibimera byo mu bwatsi bikoresha garama 500-700 z'amazi kuri buri garama 1 y'ibintu byumye bitangwa. Kubwibyo, kwishingikiriza gusa ku mvura yo mu kirere ntibihagije. Cyane cyane mu turere tw'ubutayu, ahantu hafite umwuka mwinshi n'imvura nyinshi, amazi ni yo nzitizi ikomeye mu gukura no gutera imbere kw'ubwatsi. Uburyo bwiza bwo gukemura ikibazo cy'ubutayu budafite amazi ni ukuhira.
(2) Kuhira ibyatsi ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi kugira ngo ibimera byo mu gasozi bigire ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi kandi bikongere igihe cyabyo cy'icyatsi kibisi.
Mu gihe cy'izuba, amababi y'ibimera byo mu gasozi aba mato kandi yoroheje, kandi amababi ahinduka umuhondo. Ubutaka buzavamo umuhondo bujyamo icyatsi nyuma yo kuhira bihagije.
(3) Kuhira ibyatsi ni imwe mu ngingo z'ingenzi mu kugena imiterere y'ikirere n'impinduka z'ubushyuhe.
Mu bihe by'ubushyuhe mu mpeshyi, kuhira ku gihe bishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe, kongera ubushuhe, no gukumira ubushyuhe bwinshi. Kuhira mu gihe cy'itumba mbere y'itumba bishobora kongera ubushyuhe no gukumira kwangirika kw'ubukonje.
(4) Kuhira ibyatsi ni kimwe mu bintu bifasha kongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibyatsi no kongera igihe cyabyo cy’ingirakamaro.
Kuhira ibyatsi bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibyatsi no gukumira ibyatsi bibi, bityo bikarushaho kugira ubuzima bwiza.
(5) Kuhira ubwatsi ku gihe bishobora gukumira udukoko, indwara, ndetse n'ibyangiza imbeba.
Kuhira ubwatsi ku gihe bishobora gukumira indwara, udukoko twangiza ibiti ndetse n'imbeba, kandi ni bumwe mu buryo bw'ingenzi bwo gutuma ibimera byo mu bwatsi bikura neza. Udukoko tumwe na tumwe twibasira cyane mu gihe cy'izuba, nka aphids na armyworms, bigira ingaruka nyinshi mu gihe cy'amapfa. Udukoko two mu bwatsi dushobora kwangiza cyane ubwatsi mu gihe cy'izuba. Kuhira ku gihe bishobora gukuraho izi ndwara.
2. Kugena ibisabwa mu mazi y'ubwatsi
Hari ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka ku bikenewe mu mazi y’ubwatsi. Ibintu by’ingenzi ni ubwoko bw’ibyatsi n’ubwoko bwabyo, amoko y’ubutaka n’imiterere y’ibidukikije. Ibi bintu akenshi bihurirana mu buryo bugoye. Mu gihe cy’ibikorwa rusange byo kubungabunga, ubwatsi busanzwe bukenera milimetero 25-40 z’amazi mu cyumweru, bishobora kugerwaho n’imvura, kuhira, cyangwa byombi. Ingano y’amazi akenewe mu kuhira iratandukanye mu turere dufite imiterere itandukanye y’ikirere. Ibimera muri rusange bikoresha 1% gusa by’amazi bifata. Gukura no gukura.
(1) Guhumeka kw'umwuka
Guhumeka kw'amazi mu buryo bw'umwuka ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu kumenya uko amazi akenewe mu bimera. Bivuga ingano yose y'amazi atakazwa n'ubwatsi kuri buri gice mu gihe kimwe binyuze mu guhumeka kw'ibimera no guhumeka ku butaka. Mu bwatsi bufite ubuso bunini, guhumeka kw'ibimera ni cyo gice kinini cy'amazi atakazwa.
(2) Imiterere y'ubutaka
Imiterere y'ubutaka igira ingaruka zikomeye ku rujya n'uruza rw'amazi, ububiko n'ububoneka. Ubutaka bw'umucanga bufite icyuho kinini, bityo ubu butaka bufite imiterere ikomeye butuma amazi asohoka neza ariko bufite ubushobozi buke bwo gufata amazi. Ubutaka bw'ibumba butuma amazi asohoka buhoro buhoro kuko bufite igice kinini cy'icyuho gito ugereranyije n'ubutaka bw'umucanga, mu gihe ubutaka bufite imiterere myiza bufata amazi menshi bitewe n'ubuso bwabwo bunini n'ingano y'imyenge. Ubutaka bw'umucanga bufite imiterere iciriritse yo gusohora amazi no kubika amazi.
(3) Imiterere y'ikirere
Imiterere y'ikirere cy'igihugu cyanjye iragoye, kandi imvura iratandukanye cyane bitewe n'ahantu, kuva kuri milimetero amagana make ku mwaka mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba kugeza kuri milimetero zirenga igihumbi ku nkombe z'amajyepfo y'uburasirazuba. Ingano y'imvura mu bihe by'umwaka nayo irahindagurika cyane. Ikoreshwa ry'amazi ritandukanye cyane bitewe n'ahantu, kandi ingamba zigomba guhuzwa n'imiterere y'aho hantu. Kugena gahunda z'amazi yo kuhira zikwiye kugira ngo habeho ikwirakwizwa ry'imvura mu buryo butari bumwe mu gihe n'ahantu.
(4) Kumenya ikenewe ry'amazi
Mu gihe nta buryo bwo gupima imiterere y’ibyuka biva mu mazi, amazi ashobora gukoreshwa hashingiwe ku makuru amwe n’amwe y’ubushakashatsi. Muri rusange, mu gihe cy’ihinga cyumye, kuhira buri cyumweru bigomba kuba hagati ya cm 2.5-3.8 kugira ngo ubutaka bukomeze kuba ubwatsi kandi bube bwiza. Mu turere dushyuha kandi twumye, amazi ashobora gukoreshwa buri cyumweru angana na cm 5.1 cyangwa arenga. Kubera ko imizi y’ubwatsi ikwirakwizwa cyane cyane mu butaka buri hejuru ya cm 10-15, ubutaka bugomba kugororoka kugeza kuri cm 10-15 nyuma ya buri kuhira.
3. Igihe cyo kuhira
Ubunararibonyeabashinzwe ubusitaniakenshi basuzuma igihe cyo kuhira bakurikije ibimenyetso by'ibura ry'amazi mu busitani. Ibyatsi byangiritse bihinduka ubururu-icyatsi cyangwa imvi-icyatsi. Niba ubona ibirenge cyangwa inzira nyuma yo kugenda cyangwa gukoresha imashini mu busitani, bivuze ko busitani bubura amazi cyane. Iyo ubwatsi butangiye gushwanyagurika, butakaza ubushobozi bwabwo bworoshye. Ubu buryo ni bwiza kuri Ntabwo bukwiriye busitani bufite urwego rwo hejuru rw'ubuyobozi n'urujya n'uruza rw'abantu benshi, kuko busitani bubura amazi cyane muri iki gihe, ibyo bikaba byaragize ingaruka ku bwiza bw'ubusitani, kandi busitani budafite amazi menshi ntibushobora kwihanganira gukandagirwa.
Koresha icyuma kugira ngo usuzume ubutaka. Niba ubutaka buri munsi ya cm 10-15 y'umuzi w'ubwatsi bwumye, ugomba kubuvomerera. Ibara ry'ubutaka bwumye ni ryoroshye kurusha iry'ubutaka butose.
Igihe gito cyo kuhira ku manywa kigomba kuba iyo nta muyaga uhari, ubushuhe bwinshi, n'ubushyuhe buke. Ibi ahanini ni ukugabanya ibura ry'amazi aturuka mu kirere. Imiterere y'amazi nijoro cyangwa mu gitondo cya kare ishobora kuzuza ibisabwa byavuzwe haruguru, kandi amazi atakaza igihe cyo kuhira ni make. Ariko, kuhira saa sita z'amanywa, 50% by'amazi ashobora gushonga mbere yo kugera ku butaka. Ariko, ubushuhe bwinshi mu busitani bw'ubwatsi bukunze gutera indwara. Kuhira nijoro bituma ubwatsi bwo mu gasozi butoha amasaha menshi cyangwa arenzeho. Muri ubwo buryo, urwego rw'ibishishwa n'izindi mpande zombi ku buso bw'ubwatsi buragabanuka. Udukoko n'udukoko byoroshye kubyaza umusaruro no gukwirakwira ku bimera. Kubwibyo, nyuma yo gusuzuma neza, bikekwa ko mu gitondo cya kare ari cyo gihe cyiza cyo gushyiraho ubwatsi.
4. Inshuro zo kuhira
Muri rusange, hira inshuro 1-2 mu cyumweru. Niba ubutaka bufite ubushobozi bwo kubika amazi kandi bushobora kubika amazi menshi mu mizi, amazi ashobora kuhira rimwe mu cyumweru. Ubutaka bw'umucanga bufite ubushobozi bwo kubika amazi make bugomba kuhira inshuro 2, buri mezi 3. -Uhira kimwe cya kabiri cy'amazi buri cyumweru mu minsi 4.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-01-2024