Ubutaka ni kimwe mu bigize icyuma gikoreshwa muri ubu buryo, kandi ubwiza bwabwo bugira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku isura rusange y'ubutaka. Ndetse no gukata ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane mu kubungabunga ubutaka. Iyo ubutaka budaciwe ku gihe, igice cyo hejuru cy'igiti cyabwo kizakura vuba cyane, kandi rimwe na rimwe kizatera imbuto, ibyo bikabangamira no kugira ingaruka ku mikurire y'ibyatsi byo hasi bidakandagira, bigatuma biba ubutayu.
Itsindagukata ibyatsiIgihe muri rusange ni kuva muri Gicurasi kugeza muri Nzeri. Uburebure bwo gutema ubwatsi muri rusange bukurikiza ihame rya 1/3. Gutema ubwatsi bwa mbere bikorwa iyo ubwatsi bufite uburebure bwa cm 10 kugeza kuri cm 12, naho uburebure bw'ibishishwa bukaba cm 6 kugeza kuri cm 8. Umubare w'ibishishwa biterwa n'umuvuduko w'ubusitani. Ubusanzwe Kamena kugeza Nyakanga ni cyo gihe gikomeye cyo gukura kw'ubwatsi, inshuro 1 kugeza kuri 2 buri minsi 7 kugeza ku 10, na 1 kugeza kuri 2 buri minsi 10 kugeza kuri 15 mu bindi bihe. Nyuma yo gutema kenshi, ubwatsi ntibugira gusa amashami maremare n'ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gutwikira, ahubwo bunaba buke, amababi aba mato, kandi agaciro k'imitako kari hejuru.
Mu gihe cyo gukata ubwatsi, umukandara wo gukata ugomba kuba uringaniye, kandi icyerekezo cyo gukata kigomba guhinduka buri gihe. Inkombe z'ubwatsi muri rusange zikozwe n'imikasi kugira ngo zigumane ubwiza bwazo.
Gufumbira ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi mu kubungabunga ubwatsi. Uko ubwatsi bugenda butemwa kenshi, niko intungamubiri nyinshi zikurwa mu butaka. Kubwibyo, intungamubiri zihagije zigomba kongerwamo kugira ngo zongere gukura. Gufumbira ubwatsi muri rusange bishingiye ku ifumbire ya azote, kandi ifumbire y'inyongera ikoreshwa icyarimwe. Igipimo cyo gukoresha ifumbire ni hagati ya kg 8 na kg 12 kuri mu, kandi umubare w'ifumbire uterwa n'ubwoko bw'ubwatsi.
Muri rusange, ubwatsi bufumbirwa inshuro 7 kugeza kuri 8 mu mwaka. Igihe cyo gufumbirwa ni hagati ya Mata na Nzeri, cyane cyane ifumbire y'umuhindo muri Nzeri ni ingenzi cyane.
Ubwatsi bugomba gufumbirwa ku buryo bungana. Kuri iyi mpamvu, ifumbire ishobora gushyirwamo kabiri uhereye mu byerekezo bibiri. Nyuma yo gufumbirwa, amazi agomba gushyirwamo ku gihe kugira ngo ifumbire ishonge neza kandi itume intungamubiri zinjira mu mizi.
Kuhira Icyatsi cy’ubwatsi gifite ubushobozi butandukanye bwo kwihanganira amapfa bitewe n’ubwoko butandukanye, kandi gikenera amazi ahagije mu gihe cyo gukura kwacyo gikomeye. Kubwibyo, kuhira ku gihe ni ikindi gipimo cyo kubungabunga ubwatsi bwiza. Muri rusange, mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe n’izuba, kuhira rimwe mu minsi 5 kugeza kuri 7 mu gitondo na nimugoroba kugira ngo utose imizi kugeza kuri cm 10 kugeza kuri cm 15. Ni byiza kuhira mu bindi bihe kugira ngo urinde imizi y’ubutaka ubushuhe runaka, ariko ni byiza gukoresha uburyo bwo kuhira hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa multi-directional sprinkler mugihe uhira kugira ngo ukomeze kuhira ku buryo bumwe, ukomeze kugabanya amazi, kandi ukureho umukungugu ku buso bw’ibyatsi.
Imyobo yo gucukurano gukurura ubutaka kugira ngo bugire umwuka mwiza. Ubutaka bugomba gucukurwa no gukururwa kugira ngo bugire umwuka mwiza inshuro 1 kugeza kuri 2 mu mwaka. Nyuma yo gucukura imyobo, uzuza umucanga mu busitani, hanyuma ukoreshe agakoresho k'amenyo n'umusenyi ukomeye kugira ngo uhukure neza ikirundo cy'umucanga, kugira ngo umucanga winjire mu mwobo, ukomeze guhumeka, kandi wongere amazi mu butaka bwimbitse. Ubunini bw'umucanga ku buso bw'ibyatsi ntibugomba kurenza cm 0.5. Igihe cyiza cyo gucukura imyobo no gukurura ubutaka kugira ngo bugire umwuka mwiza ni mu ntangiriro z'impeshyi buri mwaka.
Kuraho ibyatsi bibi kandi ibyatsi bibi bigomba kumenya ihame rya "kuraho kare, gukuraho bike, hanyuma ukureho burundu". Koresha icyuma ku rugero ruto, hanyuma ucukure ukoresheje isuka iyo ingano ari nini kandi ikomeye, hanyuma ubishyire mu buryo buhuriweho, hanyuma utunganye ubutaka hanyuma wongere ubitere. Byongeye kandi, imiti yica ibyatsi ikoreshwa mu byatsi ishobora no gukoreshwa, nka 20% dimethoate emulsion, 25% profenofosin emulsion 2,4-d amazi, nibindi, bisukwa ku munsi udahuha kandi w'izuba, ubushyuhe buba buri hejuru ya 25°C, hanyuma ingaruka z'imiti zikaba zihuta cyane, kandi ingano ishobora kugabanywamo kabiri. Kuvanga neza imiti yica ibyatsi bishobora kongera umusaruro. Ariko witondere kugira ngo wirinde ingaruka mbi. Hitamo umuti ujyanye n'ubwoko bw'ibyatsi bibi. Imiti yica ibyatsi ikoreshwa mu kurwanya ibyatsi bibi ni Caokuojing na Kuomie. Muri rusange, ibyatsi bibi bisukwa Caokuojing ku nshuro 200-300 z'amazi; Mu gihe urwanya ibyatsi bibi, koresha Caohejing inshuro 250-300 z'amazi yo gutera umuti umwe, ibi bishobora kurwanya neza ibyatsi bibi nka crabgrass, tendon grass, foxtail grass, barnyard grass, lycopodium, wild oats, na teff. Iyo ibyatsi bibi n'ibyatsi bibi bibayeho icyarimwe, koresha inshuro 150 z'amazi ya Hekuojing mu gutera umuti umwe, bishobora gutuma ibyatsi bibi byinshi icyarimwe. Kugira ngo urwanye ibyatsi bibi, tera Mesabendazole inshuro 200-300. Gutera umuti umwe bishobora gutera rhizome za Cyperus kubora, kandi igipimo cyo kongera kugaragara kwabyo kiba gito cyane.
Indwara z’ubwatsi zikunze kuba indwara y’ibihumyo, nka ingese, ifu y’ibihumyo, sclerotinia, anthracnose, n’ibindi. Zikunze kugaragara ku mizi yapfuye, ku ruti n’amababi y’ibimera biri mu butaka. Iyo zihuye n’ikirere gikwiye, zangiza ubwatsi, zikabangamira gukura kw’ubwatsi, kandi zigahinduka umuhondo cyangwa zigapfa mu bice cyangwa mu bice.
Uburyo bwo gukumira no kurwanya ubusanzwe ni ugukoresha imiti yica udukoko mu gukumira cyangwa kuvura bitewe n’uko indwara zigaragara. Imiti yica udukoko ikunze gukoreshwa mu gukumira harimo methyl thiophanate, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, nibindi. Udukoko twangiza ubwatsi turimo udukoko two mu biraro two mu biraro ndetse n’udukoko two mu biraro nk’udukoko twa noctuid larvae, armyworms, snails, grubs, mole crickets, n’udukoko. Imiti yica udukoko ikunze gukoreshwa irimo dimethoate, cypermethrin, na dichlorvos. Mu gukumira no kurwanya, ubwatsi bugomba gucibwa buhoro hanyuma bugaterwa umuti.
Niba ubwatsi bwambaye ubusa cyangwa bwapfuye igice, bugomba kuvugururwa no kuvugurura igihe. Ni ukuvuga, iyo ukoresha ifumbire mu ntangiriro z'impeshyi cyangwa mu mpera z'umuhindo, vanga imbuto z'ibyatsi byameze n'ifumbire hamwe hanyuma ubisuke ku butaka neza, cyangwa ukoreshe agakoresho ko gukata agace buri santimetero 20 ku bwatsi hanyuma ushyireho ifumbire kugira ngo imizi mishya ikure. Kutagira ubutaka n'amazi asohoka bitewe no gukata kenshi, kuhira no gusukura urwego rw'ibyatsi byapfuye, ongeramo ubutaka hanyuma ubuzengurutse mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bw'ubwatsi cyangwa nyuma yo gukata. Muri rusange, bigomba gukorwa rimwe mu mwaka, kandi kuzunguruka bikorwa kenshi mu ntangiriro z'impeshyi nyuma y'uko ubutaka bushonge.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-27-2024