Ikoranabuhanga mu gucunga ibyatsi

Ubutaka bufite inshingano zo gusukura ikirere, gukurura ivumbi, gukumira urusaku, kurwanya ihumana no gukurura imiti, kugabanya isuri, kunoza imiterere y'ubutaka, kugabanya umuvuduko w'imirasire y'izuba, kurinda no kugarura amaso, gutera ibidukikije no gushariza imijyi, no kunoza ibidukikije mu mijyi. Akarere ka

Ubusitani burimo kwaguka buri gihe. Ariko, ubusitani bwo mu ngo muri rusange burangirika bugasigara butereranwa mu myaka 3-5, ndetse bumwe mu busitani bugahinduka ubutayu nyuma yo guhingwa. Igihe cyo gukoresha ubusitani bufite ikoranabuhanga ritunganye ryo kubungabunga mu mahanga kirenga imyaka 10-15. Impamvu ni uko ikoranabuhanga ryo kubungabunga ubusitani mu gihugu cyanjye ritarakura bihagije, ahanini bitewe n'uburyo budakwiye cyangwa butajyanye n'igihe bwo kubungabunga nko gukata, gufumbira, kuhira, no kurwanya udukoko. Ingingo z'ingenzi z'ikoranabuhanga ryo kubungabunga no gucunga ubusitani zasobanuwe muri make ku buryo bukurikira.

1. Gukata Gukata kimwe ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane mukubungabunga ubwatsiIyo ubwatsi budaciwe ku gihe, igice cyo hejuru cy'igiti cyabwo gikura vuba cyane, rimwe na rimwe kikaba imbuto, bikabangamira kandi bikagira ingaruka ku mikurire y'ibyatsi bidashobora gukandagirwa hasi, bigatuma biba ubutayu.
Igihe cyo gukata ubwatsi muri rusange kiba kuva muri Werurwe kugeza Ugushyingo, kandi rimwe na rimwe biba ngombwa no gukata mu gihe cy'itumba rishyushye. Uburebure bwo gukata ubwatsi muri rusange bukurikiza ihame rya 1/3. Gukata ubwatsi bwa mbere bikorwa iyo ubwatsi bufite uburebure bwa cm 10-12, naho uburebure bw'ibishyimbo bukaba cm 6-8. Umubare w'igihe cyo gukata biterwa n'umuvuduko w'ubusitani. Ubusitani bwiza bwo mu mahanga butemwa inshuro zirenga 10 cyangwa ndetse n'amagana mu mwaka. Ubusanzwe Gicurasi na Kamena ni byo bihe bikomeye byo gukura kw'ubwatsi, kandi butemwa inshuro 1-2 buri minsi 7-10, na 1-2 buri minsi 10-15 mu bindi bihe. Nyuma yo gutema inshuro nyinshi, ubwatsi ntibugira gusa imiterere y'imirongo n'ubushobozi bwo gutwikira, ahubwo buba buke, amababi aragabanuka, kandi agaciro k'imitako kaba hejuru.
Mu gihe cyo gutema ubwatsi, umukandara wo gutema ugomba kuba uringaniye, kandi icyerekezo kigomba guhindurwa buri gihe cyo gutema. Mu gihe cy'amapfa, ibyatsi byaciwe bishobora gushyirwa ku bwatsi kugira ngo bikonje, ariko ntibishobora gushyirwaho igihe kirekire, bitabaye ibyo bizoroshya ubwatsi, bikure buhoro buhoro kandi bikororoke bagiteri. Impande z'ubwatsi muri rusange zicibwa imikasi kugira ngo zikomeze kuba nziza.

2. Gufumbira Gufumbira ni ikindi gice cy'ingenzi mu kubungabunga ubwatsi. Uko ubwatsi bugenda butemwa inshuro nyinshi, ni ko intungamubiri nyinshi zikurwa mu butaka. Kubwibyo, intungamubiri zihagije zigomba kongerwamo kugira ngo zongere gukura. Umubare w'ibisabwa mu gufumbira uratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ubwatsi. Muri rusange, ubwatsi bufumbira inshuro 7-8 mu mwaka. Igihe cyo gufumbira cyiyongera ni hagati ya Mata na Ukwakira, cyane cyane ifumbire y'umuhindo mu Ukwakira ni ingenzi cyane. Mu gihe ufumbira, koresha Ireland ikora neza cyane, itanga ubwoko 12 bw'intungamubiri ku bwatsi icyarimwe, ikaba ifite umutekano kandi idakomeretsa ingemwe kandi ikarinda gukomera.

3. Kuhira: Bitewe n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibyatsi byo mu gasozi, kwihanganira amapfa biratandukanye. Mu gihe cyo gukura cyane, bisaba amazi ahagije. Kubwibyo, kuhira ku gihe ni ikindi gipimo cyo kubungabunga ubwatsi bwiza. Muri rusange, mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe n'izuba, hira rimwe mu minsi 5-7 mu gitondo na nimugoroba, hanyuma utose imizi kugeza kuri cm 10-15. Ni byiza kuhira mu bindi bihe kugira ngo urinde imizi y'ubutaka ubushuhe runaka, ariko ni byiza gukoresha imiti itera icyerekezo kinini kandi nta miti itera amashanyarazi mu gihe cyo kuhira, kugira ngo kuhira bigume bingana, bizigame amazi, kandi bikureho umukungugu ku buso bw'ibyatsi.

4. Gutera no gukata ubutaka kugira ngo buhumeke: Ubutaka bugomba gukubitwa no gukata ubwatsi inshuro 1-2 mu mwaka, kandi hagakoreshwa icyuma gitera ubushyuhe ku butaka bunini. Nyuma yo gucukura, uzuza ubutaka umucanga, hanyuma ukoreshe agakoresho k'amenyo n'umusenyi ukomeye kugira ngo uhukure neza ikirundo cy'umucanga, kugira ngo umucanga winjire mu mwobo, ukomeze ubutwari, kandi wongere amazi y'ubutaka bwimbitse. Ubunini bw'umucanga ku buso bw'ibyatsi ntibugomba kurenza cm 0.5. Ku buso buto n'ubwatsi bworoheje, ushobora gukoresha icyuma gitera ubushyuhe kugira ngo ucukure ku ntera ya cm 8-10 n'ubujyakuzimu, maze umutwe w'icyuma ujyamo ugororotse kugira ngo wirinde kuzana ibisigazwa by'ubutaka. Ibipimo bitandukanye by'amakanya bishobora guhindurwa ku butaka butandukanye, kandi amakanya nayo ashobora gukoreshwa. Mu gukata, imizi imwe y'ubwatsi ishobora gucibwa kugira ngo imizi ikure neza. Igihe cyiza cyo gucukura no gukata ubutaka ni mu ntangiriro z'impeshyi buri mwaka.

5. Gukuraho ibyatsi bibi. Gukuraho ibyatsi bibi bigomba gukurikiza ihame ryo "gukuraho kare", "gukuraho bike", na "gukuraho". Koresha icyuma ku rugero ruto, kandi ukoreshe ishoka ku rugero runini kandi rwinshi, hanyuma utunganye ubutaka hanyuma wongere utere. Byongeye kandi, imiti yica ibyatsi yatoranijwe ishobora no gukoreshwa, nka Caohejing, Matangjing, Caokuojing, Hekuojing, Mieshajing, Pujujing n'indi miti yica ibyatsi yagenewe kandi yizewe. Gutera ku munsi utagira umuyaga kandi w'izuba, ubushyuhe bugomba kuba buri hejuru ya 25°C, hanyuma ingaruka z'imiti zikaba zihuta cyane, kandi kuvanga neza imiti yica ibyatsi bishobora kunoza ingaruka z'imiti. Ariko witondere kugira ngo wirinde ingaruka mbi.

6. Kurwanya udukoko n'indwara Indwara nyinshi zo mu gasozi ni ibihumyo, nka ingese, ifu y'ibihumyo, sclerotinia, anthracnose, nibindi. Zikunze kugaragara ku mizi, ku giti no ku mababi y'ibimera byapfuye mu butaka. Iyo bihuye n'ikirere gikwiye, byanduza kandi bikangiza ubwatsi, bikabangamira gukura kw'ubwatsi, kandi bigahinduka umuhondo cyangwa bigapfa mu bice cyangwa ibice. Uburyo bwo gukumira no kurwanya ubusanzwe ni ugukoresha imiti yica udukoko mu gukumira cyangwa kuvura hakurikijwe amategeko y'ubwandu bw'indwara. Imiti yica udukoko ikunze gukoreshwa mu gukumira harimo carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, nibindi. Udukoko twangiza ubwatsi harimo udukoko duto duto duto duto kandi duto duto duto nka noctuid larvae, armyworms, snails, grubs, ants, nibindi. Imiti yica udukoko ikunze gukoreshwa irimo Bichrysanthemum. Mu gukumira no kurwanya, ubwatsi bugomba gucibwa buhoro hanyuma bugaterwa umuti.

7. Kuvugurura no kuvugurura ubuzima nogusimbuka ubutakaNiba ubwatsi bwaracitse intege cyangwa bwapfuye igice, bugomba kuvugururwa no gukomezwa mu gihe, ni ukuvuga, iyo ufumbiye mu ntangiriro z'impeshyi cyangwa mu mpera z'umuhindo, vanga imbuto z'ibyatsi byameze hamwe n'ifumbire hanyuma ubisuke ku butaka neza, cyangwa ukoreshe agakoresho ko gukata agace buri santimetero 20 ku bwatsi hanyuma ushyireho ifumbire kugira ngo imizi mishya ikure. Ku bijyanye no kutagira ubutaka n'amazi asohoka bitewe no gukata kenshi, kuhira no gusukura ubwatsi bwapfuye, ubutaka bugomba kongerwamo kandi bugazungurutswa mu gihe cy'ubutayu cyangwa nyuma yo gukata. Muri rusange, bigomba gukorwa rimwe mu mwaka, kandi guzungurutsa bikorwa kenshi nyuma y'uko ubutaka bushonge mu ntangiriro z'impeshyi.