Nyuma y’intangiriro z’impeshyi, ubushyuhe busanzwe burazamuka, maze ubwoko butandukanye bw’ubwatsi butangira kongera gukura, bugakora icyatsi gishya, maze ubwatsi bukinjira mu gihe cyo kongera kumera. Iyo bugeze hejuru ya 4°C, amashami yo hejuru n’amababi y’ubwatsi bukonje bitangira gukura, kandi uburebure bugera ku cyiciro cyo kumera. Igipimo cyo gukura kiba vuba cyane kuri 15-25°C. Ubwatsi bushyushye buturuka ku butaka buzakura gusa amashami mashya mu gice cy’igiti cyangwa ku mizi iyo ubushyuhe buzamutse bukagera kuri 10-12.7°C mu gihe cya vuba, kandi buhoro buhoro bukura imizi, amashami n’amababi. Ubushyuhe bw’ubwatsi bukura ni 25-35°C. Gukura kw’ubwatsi butangira kuva munsi y’ubutaka mbere. Ubukonje-ubwatsi bw'ubutakaItangira gukura iyo ubushyuhe buri hafi ya 0°C. Imizi y'ibyatsi byo mu butaka bushyuha nayo irakira mbere y'igice cy'ubutaka, ariko ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi. Hejuru (7~11℃). Kugira ngo ubwatsi burusheho kuba icyatsi mbere y'igihe, imicungire igomba gukomezwa uhereye kuri ibi bikurikira.
1. Genzura neza ingero eshatu hanyuma usuke amazi meza y'icyatsi kibisi
Uko ubushyuhe bugenda bwiyongera, ubwatsi bugenda bwinjira mu gihe cy’icyatsi kibisi. Muri iki gihe, amazi ni ingenzi cyane mu gukura kwa bwatsi bw’icyatsi. Amazi ashobora kwemerwa inshuro 1-3 uhereye icyumweru kimwe mbere y’uko ubwatsi buhinduka icyatsi kibisi muri icyo gihe. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane mu turere twumye cyangwa imyaka. Ni ingenzi cyane. Mu gihe cyo gusukura amazi ahinduka icyatsi kibisi, ibintu bitatu bigomba kugenzurwa neza.
Zimya ubushyuhe neza. “Birakonja nijoro bigashira ku manywa, bityo kuhira ni byiza.” Iyi ni incamake y'uburambe bwo kuhira amazi y'icyatsi kibisi ku byatsi by'ubukonje mu majyaruguru. Ntugasuke amazi yasubiye ku butumva kare. Niba ubutaka bukonje butarashonga, kuhira kare bizoroha ko amazi arundanya, bigakonja, kandi bigakonja. Bishobora gukorwa gusa iyo ubushyuhe bw'ubushyuhe bwa buri munsi bugeze kuri dogere 3°C. Kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka bigira ingaruka ku mikurire y'imizi n'imikorere ya mikorobe bya turfgrass, bigatuma turfgrass ikura cyangwa ikarema ingemwe nto bishaje. Nyuma y'uko ubutaka bumaze gukurwaho, niba isoko y'amazi ari mbi, kuhira bigomba gukorwa ako kanya hakurikijwe uko ingemwe zimeze. Niba isoko y'amazi ari nziza, kuhira bishobora gutangira iyo ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka buhagaze hejuru ya dogere 5°C nyuma y'uko ubutaka bumaze gukurwaho.
Zimya ingano y'amazi. Genzura neza ingano y'amazi mu gihe usuka amazi y'icyatsi kibisi. Bitewe n'impinduka nyinshi z'ubushyuhe hagati y'amanywa na nijoro mu ntangiriro z'impeshyi ndetse no guhindagurika kenshi kw'imigezi ikonje n'ishyushye, ingano y'amazi ikwiriye amazi make aho kuzura amazi menshi kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'ibyatsi byo mu gasozi bitewe n'ubushyuhe buri hasi cyane n'ubushyuhe bwo hasi mu gihe ubukonje bubaye.
Ukurikije ubushuhe bw'ubwatsi, gena uko batangira kuhira. Banza uvomere ingemwe nini n'ingemwe zikomeye, hanyuma ingemwe zidakomeye; banza uvomere ingemwe mu butaka bw'umucanga bufite ubushobozi bwo kwinjira neza, hanyuma uvomere ingemwe mu butaka bufatana bufite ubushobozi bwo kwinjira nabi; Banza uvomere ingemwe mu gihe cy'amapfa akomeye, hanyuma uvomere ingemwe mu gihe cy'amapfa make. Ingemwe mu butaka bw'umunyu-alkali zigomba kuvomerwa nyuma; ku butaka bufite amatsinda manini cyane, kuvomera bishobora gutinda kugira ngo bitume abahinzi bashya n'abato batera imboga bakura. Uko byagenda kose, amapfa Ubutaka bwo mu mpeshyi bugomba kwitondera uburyo bwo kuvomera no gukurura ubutaka kugira ngo bugere ku musaruro mwiza.
2. Shyira ifumbire y'icyatsi kibisi
Igihe cy'impeshyi ni ingenzi kurigufumbira ubwatsi, bigira uruhare runini mu mikurire y'ubwatsi mu mwaka wose. Icyumweru kimwe mbere y'uko ubwatsi busubira kuba ubwatsi, ifumbire y'umwimerere igomba gukorwa hamwe no gusukura amazi y'icyatsi. Iki gihe ahanini gitera imbaraga zo kugaruka vuba kw'ubwatsi ku bwatsi n'ibimera. Koresha ifumbire ya urea ishingiye kuri azote, kandi uyikwirakwize neza ukurikije igipimo cy'ifumbire cya 5gN/m2. Ishobora gutuma ubwatsi buhinduka ubwatsi kare. Nyuma y'uko ubwatsi buhinduka ubwatsi, ifumbire ya azote, fosifore na potasiyumu ishobora gukoreshwa hamwe no kuhira. Muri icyo gihe cyo gufumbira, hashobora kongerwamo umuti ukomeye kandi wihuse wo gushora imizi n'ibimera, ushobora gushishikariza ishingwa ry'imitsi, guteza imbere itandukaniro ry'imizi, kwihutisha iterambere ry'imizi, guhinga imimero ikomeye, kunoza ubwiza bw'ubwatsi no gukumira indwara z'ubwatsi, nibindi, cyane cyane ku ndwara z'ubwatsi bitewe n'uko Igira ingaruka nziza zo kuvugurura imimero y'ibimera bidakomeye kandi birwaye biterwa no kwangirika k'ubwatsi guterwa n'ibidukikije bikomeye.
3. Hindura kugira ngo ubutaka bugabanuke kandi bugabanye umwanda. Mbere yo guhinduka icyatsi kibisi, ubwatsi buto bugomba guhingwa no kwanduzwa. Ku hantu hari amazi menshi yo mu butaka, imiyoboro ikikije imiyoboro n'imiyoboro y'inyuma bigomba gufungurwa kugira ngo amazi agabanuke kandi umwanda ugabanye.
4. Kora akazi keza ko kuzuza icyuho. Bitewe n'ubukonje cyangwa ibintu byatewe n'abantu, ibyatsi byo mu gasozi bikunze kugira icyuho. Ku bijyanye n'icyorezo cyo mu butaka, hakwiye gukorwa akazi ko kuzuza icyuho ku gihe. Icyatsi cyo mu butaka bushyuha gishobora guterwa hakoreshejwe ibiti, icyatsi cyo mu butaka bukonje gishobora guterwa hakoreshejwe imbuto, cyangwa gutera imbuto bishobora gukoreshwa mu kuzuza icyuho. Kugira ngo zuzuze icyuho, kuhira no gufumbira ku gihe birakenewe. Guteza imbere kumera hakiri kare, kubaho hakiri kare no gukura neza.
Muri make, ifumbire n'amazi ni intambwe y'ingenzi mu guteza imbere ubwatsi mbere y'igihe. Muri iki gihe, hagomba kubaho ifumbire n'amazi bikenewe kugira ngo ubwatsi buhinduke ubwatsi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-23-2024