Ikoranabuhanga rigamije kugarura ubushyuhe mu busitani bwahindutse umuhondo

Nyuma y’uko ubusitani bumaze igihe kirekire buterwa, ubwatsi bumwe na bumwe busubira kuba icyatsi kibisi mu ntangiriro z’impeshyi bukaba umuhondo, ndetse n’imirima imwe ishobora kwangirika igapfa, bigira ingaruka ku kureba. Byaba bigoye kubikora niba ibiciro byose byo gusimbuza ari byinshi. Umwanditsi yasubije ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi cy’ubusitani bw’umuhondo akoresheje ingamba zitandukanye za tekiniki mu bice byose byakubungabunga ubwatsiUbu bunararibonye ubu busobanuro bukurikira:

1. Kuhira ku gihe. Nyuma y'imvura, amazi yinjira mu butaka. Nyuma yo guhumeka mu mababi y'ubwatsi, amazi akava ku butaka, amazi asohoka mu butaka, amazi akenewe kugira ngo ubwatsi bukure mu gihe cy'umuhengeri azaba adahagije cyane, bigatuma ubwatsi buhinduka umuhondo cyangwa bugapfa. Kuhira ku gihe ni ngombwa kugira ngo amazi y'ubwatsi aboneke.
Kuhira ni ngombwa kugira ngo ubusitani bukure neza. Mu mpeshyi y'ubushyuhe, kuhira bishobora gukoreshwa mu guhindura ikirere, kugabanya ubushyuhe, no gukumira ubushyuhe. Bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ubusitani n'ibyatsi bibi kandi bikongera igihe cyo kubaho. Kuhira mu buryo bukwiye bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ubusitani no kurwanya kwangirika kw'indwara n'udukoko.
Uburyo bwo kumenya igihe cyo kuhira ubusitani bwawe ni ukugenzura ubutaka ukoresheje icyuma cyangwa icyuma gitera ubutaka. Niba ubutaka buri ku buso bwa santimetero 10 kugeza kuri 15 z'imizi bwumye, ugomba kuhira. Kuhira hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuhira bukoreshwa mu kuhira neza. Kubera ko imizi y'ubusitani ikwirakwizwa cyane cyane mu butaka bufite ubujyakuzimu burenze cm 15, ni byiza ko ubutaka butose kugeza kuri cm 10 kugeza kuri 15 nyuma ya buri kuhira.
Ni ngombwa gusuka amazi akonje mbere y'uko igihe cy'itumba kigera. Kugira ngo ubwatsi buhinduke icyatsi kibisi hakiri kare, ni ngombwa gusuka amazi y'icyatsi kibisi mu ntangiriro z'impeshyi.

2. Gukata urwego rw'ubutaka bw ...

3. Uretse amazi, umwuka n'izuba, gukura kw'ubwatsi hakoreshejwe urea nabyo bisaba intungamubiri zihagije. Gufumbira neza bishobora gutanga intungamubiri zikenewe ku bimera byo mu gasozi. Ifumbire ya azote ikora vuba ishobora gutera imbaraga gukura kw'ibimera n'amababi y'ubwatsi no kongera ibara ryabyo ry'icyatsi kibisi. Ifumbire ifite azote nyinshi ni urea. Mu bihe byashize, urea yakoreshwaga n'intoki mbere y'igihe cy'imvura. Imyitozo yagaragaje ko ubu buryo bwatumaga ubwatsi butagira ibara ry'umuhondo n'icyatsi kibisi kandi bigatuma burwara indwara. Muri uyu mwaka, twakoresheje amazi ashyushye yo mu isoko kugira ngo tubanje gushonga urea, hanyuma tuyitera amazi, ibyo bikaba byarakoraga neza.
Uretse ifumbire ya azote, ifumbire ya fosifore na potasiyumu nayo irakenewe kugira ngo ububanyi n'ubwatsi burusheho gukomera. Igihe cyo gufumbira ni mu ntangiriro z'impeshyi, icyi, n'umuhindo. Shyira ifumbire ya azote mu ntangiriro z'impeshyi no mu mpera z'umuhindo, hanyuma ushyiremo ifumbire ya fosifore mu mpeshyi.

4. Gucukura ibyatsiUbwatsi bumaze imyaka myinshi bukura bwagize ingaruka ku buso bw'ubwatsi bitewe no kuzunguruka, kuvomerera, gukandagira, nibindi. Muri icyo gihe, bitewe no kwirundanya kw'ubutaka, ubwatsi bw'icyatsi buragabanuka cyane, imbaraga zabwo ziragabanuka, kandi ubwatsi bugasa n'umuhondo. Gutakaza ubushyuhe ni uburyo bwo guhumeka mu bwatsi.
Gucukura ubutaka bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mu butaka, koroshya kwinjira kw'amazi n'ifumbire, kugabanya ubucucike bw'ubutaka, gutera imbaraga imikurire y'imizi y'ubwatsi, no kugenzura uko urwego rw'ubutaka rwumye rusa. Ibikorwa byo gucukura ntibigomba gukorwa iyo ubutaka bwumye cyane cyangwa butose cyane. Gucukura imyobo mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe n'izuba bizatuma imizi yumya. Igihe cyiza cyo gucukura imyobo ni igihe ubwatsi bukura cyane, bufite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu bikomeye, kandi bufite ibidukikije byiza. Ubwatsi bugomba kuvomererwa nyuma yo gucukura kandi ifumbire nayo igomba gushyirwamo.

5. Gukumira no kurwanya ibyatsi bibi byo mu gasozi, indwara n'udukoko. Kugaragara kw'ibyatsi bibi byo mu gasozi, indwara n'udukoko bizabangamira imikurire n'iterambere ry'ubwatsi, bigatera imikurire mibi, kandi bigatera umuhondo. Indwara z'ingenzi zirimo ingese, ikizinga cy'umukara, ikizinga cy'amababi, na Pythium wilt, bibaho kuva muri Kamena kugeza muri Nzeri. Siga amashami n'amababi y'ibyatsi bibi ku gice cy'amababi 3-5, kandi ingaruka zo kwangiza ibiti ni hafi 90%. Iyo ibyatsi bimaze gukura, koresha urugero rwo hejuru rwasabwe. Witondere kugenzura neza urugero rw'ibipimo kugira ngo wirinde uburozi bw'ibimera.