Mu gikorwa cyo kubungabunga no gucunga ibyatsi nyuma yo gutera, hakenewe imashini zitunganya ibyatsi zifite imirimo itandukanye, harimo izikata ubwatsi, izikoresha aercore, izikoresha ifumbire, izikoresha ibyuma bitunganya ubwatsi, izikoresha ibyuma bikata ubwatsi, izikoresha verticutter, izikoresha ibyuma bikata ubwatsi n'izikoresha top dresser, n'izindi. Aha twibanda ku mashini zitunganya ubwatsi, izikoresha ibyuma bitera umwuka n'izikoresha verti cutter.
1. Uruganda rukata ibyatsi
Imashini zikata ibyatsi ni zo mashini z'ingenzi mu gucunga ibyatsi. Guhitamo siyansi, gukoresha neza no kwita ku buryo bwitondewe ku mashini zikata ibyatsi ni byo byibandwaho mu kubungabunga ibyatsi. Gukata ibyatsi mu gihe gikwiye bishobora gutuma bikura kandi bigatera imbere, bikabuza ibimera gutera indabo, kurabya indabyo no kwera imbuto, kandi bikagenzura neza gukura kw'ibyatsi n'udukoko n'indwara. Bigira uruhare runini mu kunoza ingaruka z'ubusitani no guteza imbere iterambere ry'inganda zikora ubusitani.
1.1 Igenzura ry'umutekano mbere yo gukora
Mbere yo gutema ibyatsi, reba niba icyuma cyo gukata cyangiritse, niba imbuto n'amabati bihambiriye, niba umuvuduko w'amapine, amavuta, n'ibipimo bya lisansi ari ibisanzwe. Ku bakoresha bakata ibyatsi bafite ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, bateri igomba kwishyuzwa nibura amasaha 12 mbere yo gukoreshwa bwa mbere; inkoni z'ibiti, amabuye, amatafari, insinga z'icyuma n'ibindi bisigazwa bigomba gukurwa mu busitani mbere yo gutema ibyatsi. Ibikoresho bihamye nk'imiyoboro yo kuhira ikoreshwa mu kuhira bigomba gushyirwaho ikimenyetso kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'amatafari. Mbere yo gutema ibyatsi, pima uburebure bw'ubwatsi hanyuma uhindure icyuma cyo gukata ibyatsi ku burebure bukwiye. Ni byiza kudakata ibyatsi ku busitani butose nyuma yo kuhira, imvura nyinshi cyangwa ibihe by'imvura.
1.2 Ibikorwa bisanzwe byo guca urusenda
Ntugakate ubwatsi iyo hari abana cyangwa amatungo mu gace ko gutema, tegereza ko baguma kure mbere yo gukomeza. Mu gihe ukoresha imashini ikata ubwatsi, wambare ibikingira amaso, ntukagende ibirenge cyangwa ngo wambare inkweto za sandali mu gihe ukata ubwatsi, muri rusange wambare imyenda y'akazi n'inkweto z'akazi; kata ubwatsi iyo ikirere kimeze neza. Mu gihe ukoresha, imashini ikata ubwatsi igomba gusunikwa imbere buhoro buhoro, kandi umuvuduko ntugomba kuba wihuta cyane. Mu gihe ukata ubwatsi ku murima uhanamye, ntukajye hejuru cyangwa hasi. Mu gihe uhindura imisozi, ugomba kwitonda cyane kugira ngo urebe ko imashini ihamye. Ku bwatsi bufite ubuhaname burenga dogere 15, imashini zikata ubwatsi zo mu bwoko bwa "sutch-type" cyangwa izikoresha ubwatsi bwite ntizigomba gukoreshwa mu kazi, kandi guca ubwatsi mu buryo bwa "mechanical" birabujijwe ku misozi miremire cyane. Ntugaterure cyangwa ngo wimure imashini ikata ubwatsi mu gihe ukata ubwatsi, kandi ntugakate ubwatsi mu gihe usubira inyuma. Iyo imashini ikata ubwatsi igize ubukana budasanzwe cyangwa ihuye n'ibintu bidasanzwe, zimya moteri ku gihe, ukureho agace k'imashini hanyuma urebe ibice bireba imashini ikata ubwatsi.
1.3 Kubungabunga imashini
Ibice byose by'icyuma gikata ubwatsi bigomba gushyirwamo amavuta buri gihe hakurikijwe amabwiriza ari mu gitabo cy'amabwiriza yo gukata ubwatsi. Umutwe w'icyuma ukwiye gusukurwa nyuma ya buri ikoreshwa. Igice cy'icyuma gikata ubwatsi kigomba gusimburwa buri masaha 25 gikoreshwa, kandi agace gatanga umuriro gakwiye gusukurwa buri gihe. Iyo icyuma gikata ubwatsi kidakoreshejwe igihe kirekire, lisansi yose iri muri moteri ya lisansi igomba gukurwamo amazi ikabikwa mu cyumba cy'imashini cyumye kandi gisukuye. Bateri y'icyuma gitangiza amashanyarazi cyangwa icyuma gikata ubwatsi kigomba kwishyuzwa buri gihe. Gukoresha no kubungabunga neza bishobora kongera igihe cyo gukora cy'icyuma gikata ubwatsi, kongera umusaruro, no gutuma gikora neza.
2. Aercore yo mu bwoko bwa Turf
Ibikoresho by'ingenzi byo gucukura ubwatsi ni icyuma gitera umwuka. Uruhare rwo gucukura ubwatsi no kububungabunga ni igipimo cyiza cyo kuvugurura ubwatsi, cyane cyane ku bwatsi aho abantu bakora cyane mu guhumeka no kububungabunga, ni ukuvuga gukoresha imashini mu gucukura imyobo ifite ubucucike, uburebure n'umurambararo runaka ku bwatsi. Kongera igihe cyo kubureba n'igihe cyo kubukoresha. Dukurikije ibisabwa bitandukanye byo gucukura ubwatsi, akenshi habaho ibyuma bitobora byimbitse, ibyuma bitobora, ibyuma bikomeye bifite imiterere y'ijisho, ibyuma bikata imizi n'ibindi bwoko bw'ibyuma byo gucukura ubwatsi.
2.1 Ingingo z'ingenzi z'imikorere y'icyuma gihumeka mu butaka
2.1.1 Imashini ikoresha intoki mu gutera umwuka mu butaka
Imashini ikoresha intoki ihumeka ubutaka ifite imiterere yoroshye kandi ishobora gukoreshwa n'umuntu umwe. Fata umugozi n'amaboko yombi mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha, kanda icyuma cy'umuyoboro w'ubururu munsi y'ubwatsi kugeza ku burebure runaka aho icukurwa, hanyuma ukuremo icyuma cy'umuyoboro. Kubera ko icyuma cy'umuyoboro kiba gifite ubururu, iyo icyuma cy'umuyoboro kigeze mu butaka, ubutaka bw'ibanze buzaguma mu cyuma cy'umuyoboro, kandi iyo hacukuwe umwobo undi, ubutaka bwo mu gice cy'imbere cy'umuyoboro buzamuka bujya mu gikoresho cy'uruziga. Silinda si igikoresho cyo gucukura gusa, ahubwo ni n'igikoresho cyo gucukura ubutaka bw'ibanze mu gihe cyo gucukura. Iyo ubutaka bw'ibanze mu gikoresho bumaze kwegerana kugeza ku rugero runaka, busuke uhereye ku mpera yo hejuru ifunguye. Imashini ikata imiyoboro ishyirwa ku gice cyo hasi cya silinda, kandi igakandagirwaho n'imigozi ibiri. Iyo imigozi ifunguye, imashini ikata imiyoboro ishobora kwimurwa hejuru no hasi kugira ngo ihindure uburebure butandukanye bwo gucukura. Ubwo bwoko bw'imyobo bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gasozi no mu bwatsi buto aho imyobo ikoreshwa na moteri idakwiye, nk'umwobo uri hafi y'umuzi w'igiti mu mwanya w'icyatsi kibisi, ukikije indabyo no hafi y'inkingi y'ikibuga cya siporo.
Aercore y'ubutaka ihagaze
Ubwo bwoko bw'imashini ikoresha igikoresho mu gihe cyo gukubita, ikora ingendo ihagaze hejuru no hasi y'igikoresho mu gihe cyo gukubita, ku buryo imyobo y'imyobo ipfutse iba igororotse ku butaka idafashe ubutaka, bityo bikanoza ireme ry'imikorere yo gukubita. Imashini ikoresha amaguru ubwayo igizwe ahanini na moteri, sisitemu yo kohereza, igikoresho cyo gukubita gihagaze, uburyo bwo kwishyura ubwikorezi, igikoresho cyo kugenda, n'uburyo bwo gukosora. Ku ruhande rumwe, imbaraga za moteri ziyobora amapine agenda muri sisitemu yo kohereza, naho ku rundi ruhande, igikoresho cyo gukubita gikora ingendo ihagaze inyura muri crank slider. Kugira ngo igikoresho cyo gukata kigende neza nta butaka butowe mu gihe cyo gucukura, uburyo bwo kwishyura ubwikorezi bushobora gusunika igikoresho cyo gukata ngo kigende mu cyerekezo gitandukanye n'aho imashini igeze nyuma y'uko igikoresho gishyizwe mu busitani, kandi umuvuduko wacyo wo kugenda ungana neza n'umuvuduko wo kohereza imashini. Ishobora kugumisha igikoresho mu buryo buhagaze ugereranyije n'ubutaka mu gihe cyo gucukura. Iyo igikoresho gikuwe mu butaka, uburyo bwo kwishyura bushobora gusubiza igikoresho vuba kugira ngo cyitegure gucukura gukurikira.
Akamashini gatanga umwuka wo mu butaka
Iyi mashini ni imashini ikoresha icyuma cyo gucukura ubwatsi yigenga, igizwe ahanini na moteri, inkingi, aho guhagarara ukuboko, uburyo bwo gukora, ipine yo hasi, ipine yo gucukura cyangwa iremereye, uburyo bwo kohereza ingufu, imashini yo gucukura icyuma n'ibindi bice. Ingufu za moteri ziyobora amapine yo gucukura mu buryo bwo kohereza ku ruhande rumwe, ku rundi ruhande zigatuma imashini yo gucukura icyuma igenda imbere. Igikoresho cyo gucukura icyuma gishyirwa ku imashini yo gucukura icyuma gishyirwamo hanyuma kikavanwa mu butaka, bigatuma umwuka uhumeka mu busitani. Ubu bwoko bw'imashini yo gucukura bushingiye ahanini ku buremere bw'imashini ubwayo yo gucukura, bityo ikaba ifite imashini yo gucukura cyangwa iremereye kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bw'igikoresho cyo gucukura mu butaka. Igice cyayo cy'ingenzi gikora ni imashini yo gucukura icyuma, ifite imiterere ibiri, imwe ni ugushyiramo imashini zo gucukura ku buryo bungana ku imashini yo gucukura icyuma, indi ni ugushyira no gufunga ku mfuruka zo hejuru z'urukurikirane rwa disiki cyangwa poligoni zingana. Cyangwa igikoresho cyo gucukura gifite inguni ihinduka.
3. Igikoresho cyo gukata Verti
Verticutter ni ubwoko bw'imashini ikora ubushyuhe ifite imbaraga nke zo gukurura. Iyo ubwatsi bukuze, imizi, amashami n'amababi byapfuye birundanya ku bwatsi, bikabuza ubutaka kwinjiza amazi, umwuka n'ifumbire. Bituma ubutaka bumera nabi, bikabuza amababi mashya y'igihingwa gukura, kandi bikagira ingaruka ku mikurire y'imizi migufi y'ibyatsi, ibi bikaba byatera urupfu mu gihe cy'amapfa n'ubukonje bukabije. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa gukoresha imashini ikata ubwatsi kugira ngo isukure ibiti by'ibyatsi byumye kandi itere imbere mu mikurire no gukura kw'ibyatsi.
3.1 Imiterere ya verticutter
Igikase gihagaze gishobora gukamura ibyatsi no gukamura imizi, kandi bimwe bifite akazi ko gukata imizi. Imiterere yacyo y'ingenzi isa n'iya rotary tiller, uretse ko umupanga uzunguruka usimbuzwa umupanga. Igikase gifite imiterere nk'amenyo y'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa "S" n'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa "elastic steel", icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa "S" n'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa "flail". Ibice bitatu bya mbere byoroshye mu miterere kandi byizewe mu mikorere; icya flail gifite imiterere igoye, ariko gifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gutsinda imbaraga zihinduka zo hanze. Iyo gihuye n'ubwiyongere bw'ubudahangarwa, icyuma gikamura kiragorama kugira ngo kigabanye ingaruka, ibyo bikaba ingirakamaro mu kurinda uburinzi bw'icyuma na moteri. Verticutter ikoreshwa mu gukamura intoki igizwe ahanini n'imigozi, urwego, uruziga rw'ubutaka, uruziga rugabanya ubujyakuzimu cyangwa uruziga rugabanya ubujyakuzimu, moteri, uburyo bwo kohereza no gukamura ubwatsi. Dukurikije uburyo butandukanye bw'ingufu, imashini zikata ubwatsi muri rusange zishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: ubwoko bwo gukamura intoki n'ubwoko bwo gukamura tractor.
3.2 Aho verticutter ikorera
Imashini yo gutunganya ibyatsi ifite ibyuma byinshi bihagaze bifite umwanya runaka ku giti. Umugozi usohora ingufu wa moteri uhuzwa n'icyuma gikata unyuze mu mukandara kugira ngo uyobore ibyuma bizunguruka ku muvuduko mwinshi. Iyo ibyuma byegereye ubwatsi, biratanya ibyuma byumye by'ibyatsi bikajugunywa ku bwatsi, bigategereza ko ibikoresho byo gukurikirana bisukurwa. Ubujyakuzimu bw'icyuma bushobora guhindurwa hakoreshejwe guhindura uburebure bw'icyuma gikata uburebure cyangwa uruziga rukata uburebure binyuze mu buryo bwo kugorora, cyangwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kugorora hagati y'uruziga n'icyuma gikata. Verticutter iri kuri tractor yohereza imbaraga za moteri ku giti gikata icyuma binyuze mu gikoresho gitanga ingufu kugira ngo icyuma gikore uburebure. Ubujyakuzimu bw'icyuma buhindurwa na sisitemu yo gukamura hydraulic ya tractor.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-24-2021