kuhira
Ikoreshwa ry'amazi ya Golf ni ingingo ikomeye, cyane cyane mu Bushinwa, aho iri ku mwanya wa 121 gusa ku isi mu bijyanye n'umutungo w'amazi ku muntu. Kubungabunga amazi byahoze ari ikibazo cy'ingenzi mu kurengera ibidukikije. Nk'uko bigaragara mu itangazo rya 2011 rya “Toward White Paper – China Golf Industry Report”, impuzandengo y'amazi akoreshwa mu kibuga cy'igihugu cyanjye gifite imyobo 18 buri mwaka ni toni 323.000, ni 58% hejuru y'umubare nk'uwo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika wa toni 188.000. Uburyo busanzwe bwo kugenzura uburyo bwo kuhira mu kibuga cya Golf ni ugukoresha mudasobwa mu kubara umuvuduko w'amazi, amazi atemba, ingano y'amazi, idirishya ry'amazi, igipimo cyo guhindura, umuvuduko w'umuyaga, ubushyuhe, uruziga n'amazi yinjira, gufungura irembo n'igihe cyo kurangira n'ibindi bintu byinshi mu kugenzura ubwatsi ku kibuga cya Golf. Ikoreshwa ry'amazi, ntabwo ari ukwiyemeza, ni intambwe ikomeye. Ariko, igihe cyose hari ikibazo gito cyo kuzenguruka, umunwa washaje cyangwa ukoreshejwe nabi, imiterere y'umunwa imeze nabi, cyangwa umunwa uzenguruka vuba cyane cyangwa buhoro cyane, bizangiza ingaruka nziza za gahunda yo kuhira hakoreshejwe mudasobwa. Ibi ntibizagabanya gusa ingaruka zo kuyikoresha, ahubwo bizanagira ingaruka no kuzigama amazi ntacyo bifasha.
Kugira ngo hagerwe ku kubungabunga no kurengera ibidukikije mu kuhira, kuba amazi yo kuhira ari amwe ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi. Kuba atari meza kuhira ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru ituma ikibuga cya golf kiba gitose umunsi wose, kandi ni nabyo bitera imyanda mu mazi. Ikiguzi cyo kubaka ikibuga cya golf gifite imyobo 18 giciriritse ni miliyoni 80 z'amayuan, ariko abashoramari benshi bashoye arenga miliyoni 20 z'amayuan mu kubaka ibibuga bisanzwe. Ingaruka z'ubwubatsi ni ukugabanya ikiguzi cyane. Igipimo gikunze kugaragara ni uburyo bwo kuhira no gusohora amazi, butagaragara ariko ni ingenzi cyane mu kubungabunga nyuma. Kubera ko uburyo bwo kuhira budafite ibikoresho bihagije kandi budafite ibikoresho bigezweho byo kuzigama amazi, bituma nyuma yo kubungabunga ikibuga hakoreshwa amazi. Komeza kuba hejuru. Uburyo bwo kuhira bwakozwe neza kandi bwiza butanga uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amazi yo kuhira muri ubwo buryo, bityo bikagabanya kunyura cyane no kuruma cyane. Ikibuga cya golf gifite imyobo 18 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika gifite abakozi bagera kuri 20 bo kubungabunga hamwe n'umuyobozi. Ibi ntibitandukanywa n'uburyo bwo gukoresha imashini nyinshi mu bibuga bya golf by'Abanyamerika, uburyo umuyobozi agabanyije imirimo neza, ndetse n'uburyo abakozi bashyirwa mu bikorwa neza. Muri icyo gihe, impamvu nyamukuru ni urufatiro rwiza rwashyizweho mu iyubakwa rya sitade mbere y'uko iyubakwa. Imiyoboro yabo yo kuhira n'imiyoboro yo kuhira ntibikunze gusanwa, mu gihe mu Bushinwa, ibibazo bitandukanye bizavuka nyuma y'imyaka irenga itatu ikoreshwa. Kubwibyo, igenamigambi rikwiye mu ntangiriro z'inyubako ni ryo shingiro ry'ibanze ryo kwemeza ko amazi yo kuhira akoreshwa kimwe bityo bigatuma amazi abungabungwa mu kuhira.
Ku bw'igihugu cyacuibibuga bya golf, mu turere dukonje two mu majyaruguru, bitewe n'igihe kirekire cyo kutahira, muri rusange bihagije kugenzura uburyo bwo kuhira rimwe mu mwaka mbere yo gutangira kuhira mu mpeshyi. Mu karere k'amajyepfo, bitewe n'igihe kirekire cyo kuhira ndetse no kuba hakenewe kuhira umwaka wose, uburyo bwo kuhira busanzwe busabwa gusuzumwa nibura kabiri mu mwaka. Ariko mu by'ukuri, igenzura hano rigomba kuba rigamije kugenzura imiyoboro, uburyo bwo kugenzura, n'ibindi, kuko n'uburyo bwiza bwo kuhira bushobora kudakora neza mu bijyanye no gukwirakwiza amazi yo kuhira nyuma yo gukoreshwa igihe runaka. Kubwibyo, ibi bisaba Mu gihe cyo gukoresha no kubungabunga uburyo bwo kuhira buri munsi, abakozi bo mu busitani bakora impinduka ku gihe kandi zikwiye ku buryo bwo kuhira hashingiwe ku miterere nyayo, kandi iri vugurura ryoroshye cyane kuruta uko twari tubyiteze. Ugomba kugenzura gusa niba inguni itera umwanda kuri buri munwa ishyizweho neza, niba kuzunguruka kw'umunwa ari ibisanzwe, niba hari ibyatsi, imizi y'ibyatsi n'ibindi bisigazwa bigira ingaruka ku mikorere isanzwe y'umunwa, niba umunwa wambaye ubusa, niba impeta yo gufunga iri kuva, nibindi. Hari igihe usanga kandi igipfunyika cy'umunwa cyarangiritse Kandi akayunguruzo k'umunwa karazibye. Ibibazo byinshi byavuzwe haruguru ntabwo bigoye kubitahura no kubikemura. Igihe cyose abakozi bitayeho gato, sitade ishobora kuzigama amafaranga menshi. Raporo y'ubushakashatsi yavuye mu kigo cy'ubushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga rya California Sprinkler Irrigation Technology Research Center igaragaza ko ari ngombwa gusa guhindura umutwe w'umunwa uzenguruka cyangwa gukora izindi ngamba zo kubungabunga, nko guhindura inguni n'uburebure bw'umutwe w'umunwa, kugira ngo wongere ugere ku rwego rwiza. Muri ubu buryo, guhindura ibintu mu buryo buto bishobora guhindura uburyo bwo gutera amazi, kandi byoroshye kuzigama hafi 6.5% by'amazi yo kuhira mu munwa. Kandi ibi bizigama amazi gusa. Kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'umunwa bishobora kandi kuzigama ingufu no kongera igihe cyo gukora imunwa y'amazi mu myaka 2.
Ku bijyanye no kuhira ibibuga byinshi bya golf, twegucukura mu buryo butaziguyeamariba yo kuvoma amazi yo mu butaka meza, cyangwa gukoresha amazi meza yo hejuru yo mu migezi no mu biyaga mu kuhira. Ibi bizatera ihiganwa n'amazi yo mu mijyi, amazi yo kunywa yo mu cyaro ku bantu n'amatungo, no kuhira mu buhinzi no mu mashyamba, bigatuma amazi akoreshwa cyane mu kibuga cya golf. Ibi ni byinshi, bitameze neza nko kuzigama umutungo. Kuzigama amazi ava mu isoko bigomba kuba ikintu cy'ingenzi ku bibuga bya golf by'iki gihe: amasoko y'amazi ashobora gukoreshwa n'ikibuga cya golf arimo amazi yo mu biyaga byo mu kibuga cya golf, amazi mabi yo mu ngo ava mu nzu y'imikino n'ahantu ho gutura hakikije; kimwe n'imvura isanzwe, kubaka ahantu ho gukoresha amazi y'imvura mu kibuga cya golf, no gukusanya inzira z'abanyamaguru, amazi y'imvura ku mihanda, aho baparika imodoka n'ibisenge by'inyubako. Aya mazi aratunganywa agahinduka amazi y'imvi, ashobora gukoreshwa mu kuhira ubwatsi bwa sitade no gukora umuyoboro w'amazi uzenguruka mu kibuga. Nta mpamvu yo guhangayikishwa no gukoresha amazi y'imvi kugira ngo yangize ubuziranenge bw'ubwatsi. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, kuhira amazi y'imvi ni byiza ku bwatsi kandi ingaruka ni nziza kuruta gukoresha amazi yo mu butaka meza mu kuhira. Kubera ko amazi y'umukara aba arimo ibintu bimwe na bimwe by'umwimerere, ntashobora gusa kugabanya ingaruka ku mazi meza yo kunywa yo munsi y'ubutaka. Gucukura amabuye y'agaciro bishobora kandi kugabanya ikiguzi kinini cy'ifumbire.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-28-2024