Gusana nyuma y'igihekubaka ubwatsibisaba kwitabwaho cyane
Ibintu bitandukanye mu kubaka ikibuga cy'umupira w'amaguru biragorana. Iyo kimaze gushyirwaho, bisaba ko abanyamwuga bagitunganya kandi bakagitunganya.
Umwobo ufasha mu kunoza imikurire y'ubwatsi mu gihe cy'ubukonje
Gukandagira cyane umupira w'amaguru bizatera ubukana butandukanye bw'ubutaka, kugabanuka k'umwuka uva mu butaka no kugabanuka kw'amazi, kandi amaherezo bikabangamira gukura no gukura kw'ibyatsi byo mu gasozi. Kubwibyo, kugenzura ubukana bw'ubutaka ni ingenzi ku busitani bw'umupira w'amaguru.
Gucukura imyobo ni imwe mu ngamba nziza zo gukemura ikibazo cyo gupfunyika kw'ubutaka mu butaka bw'umupira w'amaguru. Ishobora kugenzura urwego rw'ubwatsi, gukuraho ibyiciro by'ubutaka bishobora guterwa n'ubwatsi buzunguruka, no kongera ubucucike bw'ubwatsi n'ingufu z'ubutaka.
Ariko ku busitani bw'igihe cy'ubukonje, imizi y'ubwatsi bw'ibimera mu mwobo irazamuka, mu gihe imizi iri mu butaka bukikije umwobo igabanuka ku rugero rutandukanye. Ibisobanuro: “Kuri ubu, impuguke zimwe zasanze gucukura bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku busitani bw'igihe cy'ubukonje kuruta ubwatsi bw'igihe cy'ubushyuhe mu bijyanye no kunoza ubwiza bw'ubwatsi bw'ibimera. Gucukura bigira ingaruka ku miterere y'ubutaka no gukura kwa bwatsi bw'ibimera, cyane cyane imikurire y'imizi. Imyanzuro itandukanye iterwa n'itandukaniro ry'ibikoresho byo gucukura, ubwoko bw'ubutaka n'ubwoko bw'ubwatsi bw'ibimera.” Uretse gucukura imyobo, gutobora no gutwika ubwatsi nabyo ni ingamba zisanzwe zo guhumeka no kubungabunga umwuka.
Ifumbire mvaruganda zitandukanye, ingaruka zitandukanye
Mu mikurire isanzwe y'ubwatsi, gufumbira ni ingenzi cyane mu kunoza ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ubudahangarwa bw'ubwatsi bw'umupira w'amaguru no kugarura ubukana.
Gufumbira byoroshye kwirengagizwa, cyane cyane ifumbire ya Azote. Gukoresha Azote nyinshi cyangwa nkeya cyane bizatuma ubukana bw’ubwatsi bugabanuka, kandi binatera indwara zo mu bwatsi. By’umwihariko, gukoresha Azote cyane bishobora gutuma habaho impinduka nyinshi mu mikurire no mu mikurire y’ubwatsi bw’ibimera, nk’ibimera bito n’amababi, kugabanuka kw’intungamubiri zabitswe, no kugabanya inkuta z’uturemangingo.”
Bityo rero, ubwatsi bw'igihe cy'ubukonje bugomba kwihanganira no guhangana n'imbogamizi. Ifumbire ikwiye ya niteroli ni 200–300kg / (hm2.a). Ubwatsi bw'igihe cy'ubushyuhe ni bwo bwiza cyane mu gukoresha ifumbire ya niteroli buri kwezi mu gihe cy'ihinga. Ni 48.9kg / hm2.
Ubwoko butandukanye bw'ifumbire mvaruganda bugira ingaruka zitandukanye ku kurwanya ubwatsi. Ubushakashatsi buriho bwagaragaje ko igihe cyo gukora ubusitani bwa Bermudagrass gishobora kongerwa hakoreshejwe ifumbire ya K. Mbere y'uko ubusitani bujya mu bihe by'ubushyuhe, gukoresha ifumbire ya N cyane bizatera ubukonje ku bwatsi. Muri iki gihe, kongera ifumbire ya K bizagabanya ubukonje buterwa n'ifumbire ya N.
Ubutaka busukwa hejuru bugenzura neza urwego rw'ubwatsi
Imwe mu ngamba nziza zo kugenzura urwego rw'ibyatsi ku butaka bw'umupira w'amaguru ni ugushyira ubutaka hejuru. Iyo urwego rw'ibyatsi ku buso bw'ubwatsi bw'umupira w'amaguru ari rurerure cyane, bizatuma amazi yirundanya ku buso igihe kirekire. Kubera ko kwinjira kw'ifumbire n'ibindi bikoresho bikumirwa, ubukana bw'ubuso n'ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka bizagabanuka.
Ubutaka bushyirwa hejuru muri rusange bukorwa nyuma yo gucukura, kandi ubuso bw'ubwatsi bugomba gusimbuzwa hakoreshejwe icyuma nyuma yo kubukoresha. Birumvikana ko gukoresha ubutaka buri gihe bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mu butaka buhoro buhoro no gukumira ishingwa ry'ubutaka bwumye. Ni ingirakamaro kandi mu kugarura ubwatsi bwangiritse no gukoresha ikibuga cy'umupira w'amaguru igihe kirekire.
Ubutaka busukwa hejuru bukunze gukoreshwa mu guhindura imiterere y'ubuso bw'ikibuga. Nyuma y'igihe kirekire gikoreshwa, ubuso bw'ikibuga cya golf nta kabuza butanga imiterere itandukanye. Ibi bishobora kunozwa n'ubutaka bwinshi busukwa hejuru.
Gukata nogutembagaza
Gukata bishobora kongera ubucucike bw'ibyatsi byo mu gasozi no koroshya ubuso bw'ubwatsi, ariko imizi y'ubwatsi bwo mu gasozi izagira ingaruka ku rugero runaka. Gukomeza uburebure butandukanye bwo gutema bizagira ingaruka zitandukanye ku miterere y'ubwatsi. Yagize ati: “Iyo uburebure bwo gutema bw'ubwatsi buhindutse kuva kuri cm 2.5 kugeza kuri 5.0, iyo uburebure bwo gutema bugabanutseho cm 0.6, uburebure bwo gusubira inyuma bw'ubwatsi bwo mu kibuga buziyongeraho cm 1.75.”
Ingaruka nyamukuru zo gukata inshuro nyinshi ni intera yo kuzenguruka n'uburebure bwo kugaruka bw'umupira w'amaguru. Ingaruka zabyo ziba gusa iyo uburebure bushya bw'ibyatsi byo mu gasozi burenze cm 0.3 hagati y'ibiti bibiri byo mu gasozi. Bitabaye ibyo, ingaruka zabyo ku bwiza bw'imikino yo mu gasozi ntabwo ari nini.
Gutembagara muri rusange bibaho nyuma yo gutema, bishobora kugabanya gukururana ku buso bw'ubwatsi no kongera intera n'umuvuduko w'umupira. Ingaruka zo gutembagara ku kibuga cy'umupira w'amaguru zisa n'iz'abakinnyi. Kubwibyo, birashimangirwa ko igihe cyo gutembagara n'uburemere bw'umugozi bigomba kwitabwaho, bitabaye ibyo gutembagara bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku busitani. ST. Ni byiza gukoresha umugozi woroshye wa 454kg kugira ngo utembagara ubwatsi bufite uburebure bwa 2.9cm inshuro ebyiri. Intera yo gutembagara hejuru y'ubuso iziyongeraho 1.4m naho uburebure bwo kugaruka hejuru buziyongeraho 5cm.
Nubwo kuzunguruka bishobora kongera uburyohe bw'ubuso bw'ikibuga, gukoresha nabi bizagabanya ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka no kwangirika kw'ubuso.
Uretse ubuhanga mu kubungabunga, twita no ku kumenya niba abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga ubwatsi ari abanyakuri kandi bita ku bwatsi neza. Kubungabunga ibya siyansi bishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye. Umurezi agomba gukina uruhare rwa nyina, agasobanukirwa neza imbaraga n'intege nke z'umwana, hanyuma agakoresha imbaraga kandi akirinda intege nke kugira ngo amutoze gukura. Kubungabunga ibyatsi ni ubumenyi bw'imitekerereze gusa. Mu by'ukuri, ugomba gukora ibikorwa byo kubungabunga ibya siyansi bishingiye ku miterere y'aho utuye n'imiterere y'ubwatsi bwawe bwite.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-20-2024