Nk'igice cy'ingenzi cyane cy'ikibuga cya golf, icyatsi kibisi gifite ibisabwa bikomeye cyane ku bwiza bw'ubutaka. Kuba ubwatsi bw'icyatsi kibisi butewe neza cyangwa budatewe neza bifitanye isano itaziguye no kuba bushobora kuzuza ibisabwa n'abakinnyi ndetse no kugorwa no kubungabunga ibidukikije mu gihe kizaza. Bityo rero, gushyiraho no kubungabunga neza gushyiramo ubutaka.ubwatsi bw'icyatsi kibisini ingenzi cyane. Intambwe zo kubaka zirasobanuwe hano hasi:
一. Gutegura igitanda cyo ku rubaraza
Nyuma yo gutunganya neza icyatsi kibisi, imvange y'imizi iba yarashyizweho, kandi imirimo yo kunoza ubutaka iba yararangiye mu gihe cyo gutegura imvange y'imizi. Kubwibyo, nta mushinga wo kubaka ubusitani burambuye ubaho mu gihe cyo gushyiraho ubwatsi buteye. Gutegura ubusitani buteye bisaba guhindura pH y'ubutaka, gusukura ubusitani, gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda, no gutunganya ubuso bw'icyatsi kibisi.
1.Guhindura agaciro ka pH y'ubutaka mu butaka buto: Imirimo myinshi yo guhindura pH igomba kurangira mbere yo gutera. Ibikoresho byo guhindura bigomba kuvangwa nibura mu gice cyo hejuru cy'urukuta rw'umuzi hagati ya cm 10 na 15. Ibuye ry'umukara rikoreshwa cyane n'ubutaka busharira. Guhindura utunyangingo duto bituma bikora vuba. Marble ikoreshwa mu butaka busharira burimo icyuma na manyeziyumu. Sulfure muri rusange ikoreshwa mu butaka busharira cyane. Ingano y'ibice bikoreshwa ishingiye ku bisubizo by'ubutaka. Dufashe ko uruvange rw'urukuta rw'umuzi ari rumwe kandi ruvanze neza, igipimo gikoreshwa ku byatsi byose kigomba kuba kimwe. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko ibikoresho byo gutunganya bishobora kuvangwa nyuma y'uko uruvange rw'urukuta rw'umuzi rushyizwe aho hantu, cyangwa bishobora kongerwamo iyo uruvange rw'urukuta rw'umuzi ruvanze. Ubu buryo bwa nyuma bwemeza ko ibikoresho byose bivanze neza mu ruvange rw'urukuta rw'umuzi kugira ngo bihindure pH, ariko birashoboka gukoresha ingano nini y'ibikoresho.
2. Gutunganya imiti yica udukoko mu buriri buto: Gutunganya imiti yica udukoko mu buriri buto ni uburyo bwo kuvura ubutaka buto mu buryo bwa shimi kugira ngo bwice imbuto z'ibyatsi bibi, bagiteri zitera indwara, amagi y'udukoko n'ibindi binyabuzima biri mu butaka. Gutunganya imiti ni uburyo bwiza bwo gusukura ubutaka. Imiti ikunze gukoreshwa irimo methyl bromide, chloride, methyl bromide, nibindi. Gutera imiti ishobora gukorwa nyuma y'iminsi 2 kugeza kuri 5 nyuma yo gusukura. Niba ubutaka buto bugomba gusukurwa bitewe n'imimerere runaka. Muri rusange, bigomba gukorwa mu bihe bikurikira: ① Ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa na nematode ② Ahantu hanini ibyatsi bibi ③ Ubutaka butari bwasukurwa buvangwa mu mizi.
3. Shyira ifumbire mvaruganda: Hafi y’ibice byose by’imizi y’icyatsi kibisi bigomba gushyiramo ifumbire mvaruganda runaka mbere yo gutera. Ubwoko bw’ifumbire mvaruganda n’ingano isabwa yo gukoresha bigomba kugenwa hashingiwe ku bisabwa mu bwoko bw’ibyatsi n’ibipimo by’ibizamini by’ingano y’intungamubiri mu butaka. Ifumbire mvaruganda ya P na K ni yo fumbire mvaruganda ebyiri z’ingenzi mu ifumbire mvaruganda. Iyo urwego rw’imizi ari umucanga, akenshi usanga nta bintu bifatika bihari.
Ifumbire mvaruganda muri rusange igomba gushyirwa ku gishishwa cy'umuzi kiri hagati ya cm 10 na 15 ku buso, kandi ikavangwa neza n'igishishwa cy'umuzi. Hari igihe igishishwa gishyirwa no mu gihe uruvange rw'umuzi rurimo gukorwa.
Ubutaka bwiza kandi bugororotse: Nyuma yo gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda, ubuso bw'icyatsi bugomba kurambika neza kugira ngo bube ubw'ubutaka butose bufite imiterere y'ibice kandi nta bizinga by'ubutaka. Mu gihe cyo kugabanya ubutaka bw'amatafari, hagomba kwitabwaho cyane mu gihe cyo kurinda buri gice gito cy'imiterere y'icyatsi kibisi cyakozwe n'uwagishushanyije, kugira ngo bugumane imiterere yabwo y'umwimerere, kandi bukore uburyo bwo gufunga kugira ngo ubuso bw'amatafari bube bworoshye, bunoze kandi buringaniye.
二Gutera
Hari uburyo bubiri bw'ibanze bwo kubaka ikibuga gishya cya golf: gukwirakwiza imbuto no gukwirakwiza ibimera, aho gukwirakwiza ibimera bishobora kugabanywamo uburyo bune: gukwirakwiza, gufata neza, gutera uduce duto no gutera ibiti. Ubwo buryo bwombi bushobora gukoreshwa kuri bentgrass, ariko bermudagrass yahinduwe (paradizo) ishobora gukwirakwizwa gusa mu buryo bw'ibimera. Imboga za Bentgrass zubakwa ahanini mu mbuto. Impamvu nyamukuru ni uko zihendutse kandi zoroshye. Gutera imboga ni byiza kandi iyo icyatsi gikeneye kongera kubakwa vuba kugira ngo gishobore kongera gukoreshwa, ariko imboga ikoreshwa igomba guhingwa ku butaka busa n'umuzi w'icyatsi kibisi.
Gutera bigomba gutangira nyuma yuko urwego rushya rw'imizi rumaze guhagarara neza. Koresha icyuma gitera imbaraga kugira ngo ufatanye n'uburiri. Byaba ari ukubiba imbuto cyangwa gutera ibimera, ikintu cy'ingenzi mu gihe cyo gushyira mu bikorwa ni ukurinda imiyoboro y'ubuso no kubungabunga ubuso butoshye uko bishoboka kose. Ubu turabisobanura dukoresheje ibintu bibiri bitandukanye: igihe cyo gutera n'uburyo bwo gutera.
Igihe cyo gutera: Igihe cyo gutera ubwatsi ni ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane kugira ngo habeho ubwatsi bumwe vuba. Indi mishinga yo ku kibuga cya golf igomba gushyiraho imiterere myiza y'umushinga wo gutera ubwatsi kugira ngo gutera ubwatsi bishobore gukorwa mu gihe gikwiye. Ikintu cy'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku gihe cyo gushinga ubwatsi ni ubushyuhe. Ubushyuhe bwiza bwo kumera kw'imbuto z'ibyatsi by'ubukonje ni 15-28°C, naho ubushyuhe bwiza bwo kumera kw'imbuto z'ibyatsi by'ubushyuhe ni 21-35°C. Ubushyuhe bwiza bwo gukura kw'imbuto ni 25°C.～Ubushyuhe bwa 35°C. Igihe cyiza cyo gutera ubwatsi bw'ibimera mu gihe cy'ubukonje ni kuva mu mpera z'impeshyi kugeza mu ntangiriro z'umuhindo, kugira ngo ingemwe zigira igihe gihagije cyo gukura no gukura zikaba ubwatsi mbere y'uko igihe cy'itumba kigera. Ubwatsi bw'ibimera mu gihe cy'ubukonje bushobora kandi guterwa kuva mu ntangiriro z'impeshyi kugeza mu ntangiriro z'impeshyi. Ariko, bitewe n'ubushyuhe buke bw'ubutaka, iterambere ry'ubwatsi bushya riratinda, kandi ubwatsi bukiri buto bugomba guhura n'ibibazo bikomeye by'ibidukikije mu gihe cy'impeshyi. Ubwatsi bw'ibimera mu gihe cy'ubukonje muri rusange ntibuterwa mu mpeshyi. . Igihe cyiza cyo gutera ubwatsi bw'ibimera mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe ni kuva mu mpera z'impeshyi kugeza mu ntangiriro z'impeshyi, ibyo bikaba bidatanga ubushyuhe bwiza bwo kumera ku mbuto gusa, ahubwo binatanga igihe kirekire cyo gukura no gukura ku mbuto nto.
2. Uburyo bwo gutera: Uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza imbuto no gukwirakwiza ibiti ni bwo buryo bukunze gukoreshwa cyane mu gushyiraho ubwatsi bw’icyatsi kibisi mu bibuga bya golf. Ubusanzwe imbuto z’icyatsi kibisi ziterwa mu mbuto, mu gihe imboga za bermudagrass zikwiriye guterwa mu biti. Uburyo bwo gusimbuza no gusimbuza ubwatsi bukoreshwa mu kuvugurura ubwatsi bw’icyatsi no gusimbuza ubwatsi bwapfuye ku byatsi, kugira ngo intego yo guhindura ubwatsi bw’icyatsi vuba vuba no kubukoresha vuba bishoboka.
2.1 Gutera imbuto: Hari uburyo butatu bwo kwitaho mu gihe utera imbuto ku cyatsi kibisi: uburebure bwo gutera, uburyo bwo gutera bungana n'uburyo imbuto ziterwa. Imbuto z'ubwatsi buto cyane kandi zikenera uburebure buto, muri rusange hagati ya mm 2 na 5. Gutera uburebure bukabije bizagabanya umuvuduko wo kumera kw'imbuto; niba gutera ari uburinganire ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ubwatsi bw'icyatsi kibisi bube bwihuse kandi bungana. Kugira ngo imbuto zibe zimeze neza. Ku cyatsi kibisi, ushobora kugabanya icyatsi kibisi mo uduce duto twinshi, ukagitera ahantu hatandukanye, hanyuma ukagitera mu byerekezo bibiri bigororotse. Niba imbuto zatewe neza bizagira ingaruka ku kumera kw'imbuto no ku muvuduko wo kubaho kw'imbuto. Nyuma yo gutera, koresha. Imigozi igabanya uburiri burambuye kugira ngo imbuto n'ubutaka bifatanye neza. Muri rusange, imigozi ifite uburemere bwa toni 0.5 ~ 0.8 ni yo ikwiriye. Byongeye kandi, mu gihe cyo gutera, hagomba kwitabwaho kugabanya umubare w'abantu bagenda ku butaka bw'icyatsi kibisi kugira ngo hirindwe ko hari intambwe nyinshi ku butaka bw'icyatsi kibisi.
Gutera imbuto bishobora gukorwa n'intoki cyangwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga. Mu gihe utera imbuto n'intoki, uruvange rw'imbuto n'imizi y'icyatsi kibisi bishobora kuvangwa ku rugero runaka, hanyuma bigakwirakwizwa n'intoki. Kuvanga imbuto n'umucanga bizafasha gukwirakwiza imbuto ku buryo bungana. Gutera imbuto hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe ibyuma bitera imbuto, ibyuma bitera imbuto n'intoki cyangwa ibyuma bitera amazi. Gutera imbuto akenshi biterwa hakoreshejwe icyuma gitera imbuto n'intoki. Mu gihe cyo gukora, hagomba kwitabwaho umuvuduko umwe wo kugenda, kandi ingano y'igiti gitera imbuto igomba guhindurwa neza kugira ngo hagerwe ku ntego yo gutera imbuto ku rugero rumwe. Kugira ngo ugabanye ibirenge bisigaye ku butaka bw'icyatsi,imbuto z'amazirimwe na rimwe bikoreshwa mu gutera imbuto z’icyatsi kibisi. Byaba ari ukubiba hakoreshejwe imashini cyangwa intoki, bigomba gukorwa mu gihe ikirere kidahuha, kandi hagomba kwitabwaho kugira ngo imbuto zidaterwa hanze y’icyatsi kibisi.
Kuhira hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuhira imbuto bigomba gukorwa ako kanya nyuma yo gutera. Ni ngombwa ko ubuso bugumana ubushuhe mu gihe cyo gutera imbuto kugira ngo imbuto zigume zima kandi zitagishoboye kumera.
2.2 Gutera ibiti n'amashami: Uburyo bwo gutera ibiti n'amashami bushobora no gukoreshwa mu gutera ibiti bya stolons n'amashami ku cyatsi kibisi. Uburyo gakondo bwo gutera ibiti n'amashami ni ubu bukurikira:
① Kata amashami n'imiti mu mitsi migufi ifite uburebure bwa cm 2 kugeza kuri 5;
② Suka igice cy'imiti n'amashami ku butaka bw'icyatsi kibisi;
③ Koresha akamashini gafata uruziga kugira ngo uzunguruke ibice by'igiti n'amashami ku buryo bihura neza n'uburiri burambuye;
④Upfuke uruvange rw'icyatsi kibisi ku ngano ya mm 2 kugeza kuri 5;
⑤ Koresha akazunga kugira ngo uzunguruke amashami kugira ngo ukore neza ku butaka kandi utume ubuso burushaho kuba bwiza.
Mu gihe ukoresha amashami n'imiti mu kubaka terasi, ugomba kwita cyane ku mitsi n'imiti bigumana bishya. Imitsi n'imiti yose bigomba guterwa mu minsi 2 nyuma yo gusarurwa. Ubushyuhe, ubushuhe n'umwuka bikwiye bigomba kubungabungwa mu gihe cyo kubika. Amashami ahinduka umuhondo bitewe n'ubushyuhe kandi yumye bitewe no kubura amazi agomba gukururwa. Ntibigomba gukoreshwa mu gutera imbuto.
2.3 Ingano y'ibihingwa (ibishishwa): Ingano y'ibihingwa by'ubwatsi iterwa ahanini n'ibintu nko kuba imbuto zimeze neza, uko zimera n'uburemere bw'imbuto. Mbere yo kubiba, ibipimo nk'uko imbuto zimera n'uburemere bw'imbuto bigomba kugeragezwa kugira ngo hamenyekane igipimo gikwiye cyo gutera imbuto. Igipimo gikwiye cyo gutera imbuto z'ibyatsi bibisi kigomba kuba ku buryo ibimera bikiri bito bigera ku bimera 15.000 kugeza 25.000 kuri metero kare. Nta gipimo gihamye cyo gupima igipimo cyo gutera ibiti n'amashami, kandi muri rusange kigenwa hashingiwe ku bunararibonye.
2.4 Gutera ubwatsi: Gutera ubusanzwe bikoreshwa gusa mu kuvugurura no gusana ubwatsi bw’icyatsi kibisi. Ubu buryo ntibukunze gukoreshwa iyo ubwatsi bw’icyatsi kibisi butewe bwa mbere. Ubwatsi bukoreshwa mu gushyiraho bugomba kuba urwego rumwe rw’ibimera rugizwe n’ubwoko bwiza budafite ibyatsi bibisi kandi bufite ubwoko bw’ubutaka bw’imizi busa n’ubwatsi bw’icyatsi kibisi buzaterwaho ubwatsi bw’icyatsi. Ubwatsi bushyirwa ku cyatsi kibisi muri rusange bucibwamo ibice birambuye bya metero 0.6 × 0.6, kandi ubugari bw’uruhu n’ubutaka ntibigomba kurenza cm 1.5. Ingingo zikurikira zigomba kwitabwaho mugihe ushyiraho ubwatsi bw’icyatsi kibisi: ① Mu gihe ushyiraho ubwatsi, ibice by’ubwatsi hagati y’imirongo n’imirongo n’inkingi bigomba guhindagurika kugira ngo hirindwe ko uruziga ruri hagati y’ibice by’ubwatsi rudakora umurongo ugororotse. ② Witondere mugihe utwara ibice by’ubwatsi kugira ngo wirinde kunanura cyangwa gushwanyagura ubwatsi. ③ Witondere cyane ko impande z’ibice bibiri by’ubwatsi byegeranye zifatanye neza kandi zidafite umugozi, kandi ntizishobora guhurirana. ④ Mu gihe cyo gutera, hagomba gushyirwaho imbaho z'ibiti kugira ngo abantu bagendeho kugira ngo birinde gukandagira ahantu hanini ku butaka bw'icyatsi.
Nyuma yo gushyiraho ubwatsi, shyira umucanga ku buryo bungana n'aho hari aho ubutaka budakora neza n'aho buherereye kugira ngo ubutaka bube bwiza kandi bube bugororotse. Hanyuma, gabanya hanyuma uvomere. Kuhira ku gihe ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ubwatsi bukure neza. Kuva ubu, buri cyumweru kimwe, ubutaka buke bugomba gushyirwa ku butaka mu buryo busanzwe. Ubutaka bushyirwa ku butaka bugomba kuba busa n'ubutaka buri mu mizi yo munsi y'ubutaka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-05-2024