Amahame yo kubungabunga ubwatsi ni: imyenda imwe, yera kandi idafite umwanda, na firime yose umwaka wose. Dukurikije amakuru, ukurikije imiterere rusange, ibyatsi bibisi birashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bine ukurikije uburebure bwo gutera. Iya mbere niyo itera icyiciro cyuzuye, bivuga guterana kwambere kwabwatsi nicyiciro cyo gutera umwaka umwe cyangwa ubwishingizi bwuzuye (100% byuzuyemo umwanya wuzuye), nabyo byitwa urwego rwuzuye. Iya kabiri ni intambwe yo gukura neza, bivuga nyuma yimyaka 2-5 nyuma yo kwimurika, nanone byitwa igihe cyateye imbere. Iya gatatu niterambere ryiterambere ryinshi, bivuga nyuma yimyaka 6-10 nyuma yo kwimurika, nanone yitwa status yo gukura. Iya kane nigice cya degeneration, bivuga nyuma yimyaka 10-15 nyuma yo kwimurika, nanone byitwa igihe cyangiritse. Hamwe nurwego rwo hejuru rwo kubungabunga no gucunga, igihe cyangiza cyibyatsi bya Tawani birashoboragutinda imyaka 5-8. Igihe cyo gutesha agaciro icyatsi gikomeza cyerekana ni imyaka 3-5 kuruta ibyatsi bya Tayiwa, mugihe ikibazo cyo gutesha agaciro cyibyatsi binini byamababi ari imyaka 3-5.
1. Gucunga urwego rwo kugarura
Ukurikije ibishushanyo n'ibisabwa, uburiri bw'ibyatsi bishya bigomba guhabwa neza imbuto nyabatsi n'imizi yuzuye, yuzuyemo ubutaka bwuzuye, ihujwe na cm ya 10 mbere ya turf ishobora gukoreshwa. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa turfing: turfing yuzuye kandi tunanutse. Mubisanzwe, kare ya turf ya 20 × 20 yakoreshejwe mubice byanyuma. Igice cyuzuye nta gihe cyo kurangiriraho kandi gifite igihe cyo gukira cyiminsi 7-10. Bisaba igihe runaka kuri 50% yumwanya wo gufungura ibice kugirango wuzuze. Gutera amasoko na turf byakoreshejwe mu mpeshyi bifata amezi 1-2 gusa kugirango tukure, mugihe turf yakoresheje mu gihe cyizuba kandi imbeho ifata amezi 2-3 kugirango akure neza. Mu rwego rwo kubungabunga no gucunga, hibandwa ku micungire y'amazi n'ifumbire. Mu mpeshyi, ni ikimenyetso-kimenyetso, mu cyi ni izuba, kandi mu gihe cy'izuba n'imbeho, ibyatsi bikoreshwa mu gukumira umuyaga no gukumira umuyaga. Mubisanzwe, gutera amazi rimwe mugitondo na nimugoroba mugihe cyicyumweru nyuma yo gukoresha ibyatsi, hanyuma urebe niba turf ihuriweho. Imizi y'ibyatsi irasabwa kuba hafi y'ubutaka. Shira amazi rimwe buri mugoroba nyuma yibyumweru bibiri cyangwa bibiri nyuma yo gusaba. Nyuma yibyumweru bibiri, biga amazi rimwe muminsi ibiri bitewe nigihe nikihe ikirere, cyane cyane kubigutera. Gufumbira buri cyumweru ugera kumezi atatu nyuma yo gutera. Koresha Igiti cya 1-3% Urea uhujwe no kuvomera no gutera. Dilute mbere hanyuma ukabyimbye. Kuva ubu, koresha ibiro 4-6 bya urea kuri hecre rimwe mu kwezi. Gusaba kumuma muminsi yimvura. , shyiramo amazi kumunsi wizuba, kandi byose bizaba byuzuye.Iyo ibyatsi bifite cm 8-10 hejuru, gabanya hamwe na aInzira. Ibyatsi byakagombye gukorwa hakiri kare nyuma yukwezi nyuma yo gutera, cyangwa kugeza muri Mutarama. Iyo ibyatsi bitangiye gukura, gucukura no kurandura imizi mugihe, no kunyaga nyuma yo gucukura kugirango wirinde gukura kwibyatsi bikuru. Ibyatsi bishya byatewe muri rusange ntadukoko twarwaye na udukoko twangiza kandi ntibisaba gutera. Kugirango wihutishe iterambere, 0.1-0.5% potasipumi diydrogen fohydrogen irashobora kuvomerwa no guterwa mugice cyanyuma.
2. Gucunga ibyiciro byateye imbere kandi birambuye
Icya kabiri kugeza ku myaka ya gatanu nyuma yo gutera ubwayi nigihe cyo gukura cyane. Ibyatsi by'imitako ahanini ni icyatsi, bityo gushimangirwa ni ugukomeza icyatsi. Kubwo gucunga amazi, fungura ibiti byatsi hanyuma urebe neza ko ubutaka bwumutse ariko ntabwo byera kandi butose ariko ntibisige. Ihame nugutuma byumye mu mpeshyi no mu cyi kandi itose mu gihe cy'izuba n'imbeho. Ifumbire igomba gutondekanya byoroheje kandi yoroshye, munsi ya Mata kugeza muri Nzeri n'umwaka ndetse birenze ku mpande zombi. Koresha ibiro 2-4 bya urea per mu nyuma yumuriro. Mugihe cyo gukura, kugenzura ifumbire namazi kugirango ugenzure igipimo cyo gukura, bitabaye ibyo umubare wibihe byo kwiyongera uziyongera kandi igiciro cyo gufata neza kiziyongera. Gutunga nibyibandwaho. Inshuro yo gutema hamwe nubwiza bwo kudasenga bifitanye isano no gutesha agaciro kwamamaza no gufata neza. Nibyiza kugenzura umubare wibyatsi inshuro 8-10 mu mwaka, ugereranyije rimwe mu kwezi kuva muri Gashyantare kugeza muri Nzeri na Mutarama kugeza Mutarama ugana mu Mumatangiriro. Ibyatsi bigabanya ibyatsi: Icyambere, uburebure bwiza bwatsi ni cm 6-10. Niba irenze cm 10, irashobora gutemwa. Iyo iruta cm 15, "Ibirungo byatsi" bizagaragara kandi ibice bimwe bizaba nkibikoresho. Muri iki gihe, bigomba gutemwa. Iya kabiri ni iyo kwitegura mbere yo gukata. Reba neza ko imbaraga za Lawnmone ari ibisanzwe, ko igikoni cyatsi gikaze kandi kidafite inenge, kandi ko ibyatsi bifite inenge byamabuye meza nimyanda. Iya gatatu nugukoresha nyakatsi. Hindura intera ya cm kuri cm 2-4 uhereye hasi (gutema bike mugihe kirekire, gutinyuka hejuru yizuba hamwe nimbeho), bigatera imbere mu gihe cya cm 3-5 buri gihe utabuze gukata. Icya kane, sukura ibyatsi bisiga byahise nyuma yo gukata, no gucogora no gufumbira.
3. Gucunga ibyiciro byigihe gito kandi ndende
Igipimo cyo gukura kwa nyakatsi 6-10 nyuma yo gutera rwagabanutse, n'amababi yapfuye n'ibiti byongeye umwaka. Imizi ikuramo ikunze kubaho mubihe bishyushye kandi huzuye, kandi birashobora kwibazwa na tagines (kogosha bug) mu gihe cyizuba nigihe cyimpeshyi nimbeho. Ibyibandwaho ku kazi ni ukwitondera kwirinda no kurwanya udukoko n'indwara. Byagaragaye ko ibyatsi bya Tayiwani byahimbwe mumazi iminsi itatu kandi bitangira kugira imizi. Nyuma yo gukuramo amazi, biracyariho. Nyuma yo gutsindwa mumazi iminsi irindwi, 90% yumuzi ariboze kandi hafi yubuzima, bityo bikaba ngombwa koherezwa. Nubwo hazabaho amatara make muminsi 1-2 yamabara, ubushyuhe bwinshi nubushuhe nyuma yimitwe izorohereza imyanda kandi biganisha kubibaho. Nyuma y'iminsi itatu, kura ibyatsi byapfuye byangiza hanyuma wongere ukoreshe igiti cya Urea. Gukura bizakomeza nyuma yicyumweru. Ifumbire no gucunga amazi mugihe gahoro bigomba gukomera kuruta mugihe cyateye imbere, kandi gusama bidasanzwe-imizi birashobora kwiyongera. Umubare waumugoziigomba kugenzurwa inshuro 7-8 kumwaka.
4. Gucunga icyiciro cya degradage
Ibyatsi byatangiye gutesha agaciro umwaka wa kabiri nyuma yo gutera, kandi byangiritse cyane nyuma yo gutera. Gucunga Amazi, guhinduranya ibihe byumye kandi bitose, bibuza cyane amazi, bitabaye ibyo bikakongera kubora imizi bagapfa. Gushimangira ubugenzuzi no gukumira udukoko n'indwara. Usibye gusafu, koresha Urea na dipotassium ya fosifori kugirango ufumbire hanze buri minsi 10-15, cyangwa ukoreshe ifumbire yubucuruzi nka toyota hamwe nizindi mfuruka ryabaturage zatewe hanze yumuzi, kandi ingaruka ni nziza cyane. Ahantu hapfuye hashobora gusimburwa neza. Ibyatsi byangiritse buhoro nyuma yo gutemwa, kandi inshuro nyinshi ibyatsi byaciwe ntibigomba kurenga inshuro 6 umwaka wose. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko ibyatsi by'ingenzi binanutse, ibyatsi byoroshye gukura kandi bigomba gucika intege mugihe. Ubuyobozi bugomba gukomera muri iki gihe kugirango itandure neza kwangirika kwabwatsi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Sep-02-2024