Amahame yo kubungabunga ubwatsi ni: bumwe, butanduye kandi butagira umwanda, kandi buhora buri gihe umwaka wose. Dukurikije amakuru, mu miterere rusange yo kubungabunga, ubwatsi bubi bushobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bine bitewe n'igihe cyo gutera. Icya mbere ni ugutera kugeza ku cyiciro cyuzuye, bivuga gutera ubwatsi bwa mbere n'igihe cyo gutera kugeza ku mwaka umwe cyangwa ahantu hose (hafite ahantu hafunguye 100%), ari nacyo cyitwa icyiciro cyuzuye. Icya kabiri ni icyiciro cyo gukura neza, bivuga imyaka 2-5 nyuma yo guterwa, nanone kitwa igihe cyo gukura neza. Icya gatatu ni icyiciro cyo gukura buhoro, bivuga imyaka 6-10 nyuma yo guterwa, nanone kitwa icyiciro cyo gukura buhoro. Icya kane ni icyiciro cyo kwangirika, bivuga imyaka 10-15 nyuma yo guterwa, nanone kitwa igihe cyo kwangirika. Hamwe n'urwego rwo hejuru rwo kubungabunga no gucunga, igihe cyo kwangirika kw'ubwatsi bwa Tayiwani gishobora gutindaho imyaka 5-8. Igihe cyo kwangirika kw'ubwatsi bukomeza bwa coniferous ni nyuma y'imyaka 3-5 ugereranije n'ubwatsi bwa Tayiwani, mu gihe igihe cyo kwangirika kw'ubwatsi bunini kiri imbere y'imyaka 3-5.
1. Gucunga intambwe yo gukira
Dukurikije imiterere n'ibisabwa mu mikorere, ubwatsi bushya bugomba gukurwaho imbuto z'ibyatsi n'imizi y'ibyatsi, bugashyirwamo ubutaka busanzwe, bugakurwaho kandi bugashyirwamo cm zirenga 10 mbere yuko ubwatsi bushyirwamo. Hari ubwoko bubiri bwo gutera ubwatsi: gutera ubwatsi bwuzuye n'ubugari buto. Muri rusange, ubwatsi kare bwa cm 20 × 20 bukoreshwa ku byatsi bito. Icyatsi cyuzuye nta gihe ntarengwa kandi gifite igihe cyo kugarura ubwatsi cy'iminsi 7-10 gusa. Bifata igihe runaka kugira ngo 50% by'ahantu hafunguye h'ibyatsi bito bikuzure. Gutera ubwatsi mu mpeshyi n'Ubutaka bushyirwa mu mpeshyi bufata amezi 1-2 gusa kugira ngo bukure neza, mu gihe ubwatsi bushyirwa mu mpeshyi n'itumba bufata amezi 2-3 kugira ngo bukure neza. Mu bijyanye no kubungabunga no gucunga, hibandwa ku gucunga amazi n'ifumbire. Mu mpeshyi, ntibugira umwanda, mu mpeshyi ntibugira izuba, naho mu gihe cy'itumba n'itumba, ubwatsi bukoreshwa mu gukumira umuyaga no kuvura. Muri rusange, tera amazi rimwe mu gitondo na nimugoroba mu cyumweru kimwe nyuma yo gukoresha ubwatsi, kandi urebe niba ubwatsi buto. Imizi y'ibyatsi isabwa kuba hafi y'ubutaka. Shyira amazi rimwe buri mugoroba mu byumweru bibiri cyangwa bibiri nyuma yo kuyisiga. Nyuma y'ibyumweru bibiri, shyiramo amazi rimwe buri minsi ibiri bitewe n'igihe n'ikirere, cyane cyane kugira ngo ushyiremo ubushuhe. Shyira ifumbire buri cyumweru kimwe kugeza ku mezi atatu nyuma yo gutera. Koresha umuti wa 1-3% wa urea hamwe no kuhira no gutera. Banza uvange hanyuma ubyibuhe. Kuva ubu, koresha ibiro 4-6 bya urea kuri hegitari rimwe mu kwezi. Shyira ku mucanga mu minsi y'imvura. , shyiramo amazi ku munsi w'izuba, kandi byose bizaba byuzuye. Iyo ibyatsi bifite uburebure bwa cm 8-10, gabanya n'umutiimashini ikata ubwatsiGutera ibyatsi bibi bigomba gukorwa hakiri kare nyuma y'igice cy'ukwezi nyuma yo gutera, cyangwa nyuma ya Mutarama. Iyo ibyatsi bibi bitangiye gukura, banza ubyikuremo hanyuma ubikuremo ku gihe, hanyuma ubishyire mu mwanya wabyo nyuma yo gucukura kugira ngo wirinde kugira ingaruka ku mikurire y'ibyatsi by'ingenzi. Ubwatsi bushya buterwa muri rusange nta ndwara cyangwa udukoko duto kandi ntibusaba gutera imiti. Kugira ngo byihutishe imikurire, 0.1-0.5% ya phosphate ya potasiyumu dihydrogen ishobora kuvomerwa no gusukurwa nyuma.
2. Ubuyobozi mu byiciro by'iterambere n'igihe kirekire
Umwaka wa kabiri kugeza kuri wa gatanu nyuma yo gutera ubwatsi ni igihe cyo gukura cyane. Ubwatsi bw'imitako ahanini buba ari ubwatsi bubi, bityo ikibandwaho ni ukubugumana ari ubwatsi. Mu gucunga amazi, fungura amashami y'ibyatsi urebe neza ko ubutaka bwumye ariko butari umweru kandi butose ariko butarimo ibara. Ihame ni ukubutuma bumera mu mpeshyi no mu mpeshyi no mu gihe cy'itumba. Ifumbire igomba gushyirwaho buhoro kandi buhoro, gake kuva muri Mata kugeza muri Nzeri by'umwaka no kurenga ku mpera zombi. Koresha ibiro 2-4 bya urea kuri buri mu mwaka nyuma ya buri gihe cyo gutema ubwatsi. Mu gihe cy'ihinga cyinshi, genzura ifumbire n'amazi kugira ngo ugenzure igipimo cyo gukura, bitabaye ibyo igihe cyo gutema ubwatsi kiziyongera kandi ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga kiziyongera. Gutema ubwatsi ni cyo kibandwaho muri iki cyiciro. Inshuro zo gutema ubwatsi n'ubwiza bwabwo bifitanye isano no kwangirika kw'ubwatsi n'ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga. Ni byiza kugenzura umubare w'ibyatsi byatemwe kugeza ku nshuro 8-10 mu mwaka, impuzandengo imwe mu kwezi kuva muri Gashyantare kugeza muri Nzeri na rimwe mu mezi abiri kuva mu Ukwakira kugeza muri Mutarama by'umwaka utaha. Ibisabwa mu bya tekiniki byo gutema ubwatsi: Icya mbere, uburebure bwiza bw'ubwatsi ni cm 6-10. Iyo birengeje cm 10, bishobora gucibwa. Iyo birengeje cm 15, "ibirundo by'ibyatsi" bizagaragara kandi ibice bimwe na bimwe bizaba bimeze nk'ingunguru. Muri iki gihe, bigomba gucibwa. Icya kabiri ni ukwitegura mbere yo gukata. Reba neza ko imbaraga z'icyuma gikata ibyatsi ari ibisanzwe, ko icyuma cy'ibyatsi gityaye kandi kidafite inenge, kandi ko ibyatsi bisukuye nta mabuye meza n'imyanda. Icya gatatu ni ugukoresha icyuma gikata ibyatsi. Hindura intera y'icyuma kuri cm 2-4 uvuye ku butaka (gukata bike mu gihe kirekire, gutema cyane mu gihe cy'umuhindo no mu gihe cy'itumba), komeza umuvuduko uhoraho, kandi ubugari bw'icyuma buhurira kuri cm 3-5 buri gihe nta gukata na kimwe. Icya kane, sukura amababi y'ibyatsi vuba nyuma yo gutema, kandi utose kandi ufumbire.
3. Gucunga intambwe zitinda kandi z'igihe kirekire
Igipimo cy'ubushyuhe bw'ubwatsi nyuma y'imyaka 6-10 butewe cyaragabanutse, kandi amababi n'imiti byapfuye byiyongera uko umwaka utashye. Kubora kw'imizi bikunze kubaho mu bihe by'ubushyuhe n'ubukonje, kandi bishobora kwangizwa na Digitonus (udukoko two kogosha) mu gihe cy'umuhindo no mu gihe cy'itumba. Umurimo wibandwaho ni ukwita ku gukumira no kurwanya udukoko n'indwara. Byagaragaye ko ibyatsi byo muri Tayiwani byamaze iminsi itatu byinjijwe mu mazi kandi bigatangira kubora imizi. Nyuma yo kuvoma amazi, biracyari bizima. Nyuma yo kwinjizwa mu mazi iminsi irindwi, imizi irenga 90% iraba yangiritse kandi hafi ya yose nta buzima ifite, bityo igomba kongera kuvomerwa. Nubwo hazabaho kubora guke mu minsi 1-2 amazi amaze kuzura, ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushuhe nyuma yo gusohora amazi bizoroshya kororoka kw'udukoko kandi bigatera kubora kw'imizi. Nyuma y'iminsi itatu, kuraho ibyatsi byapfuye byangiza hanyuma wongere ushyiremo umuti wa urea. Gukura bizasubira nyuma y'icyumweru. Ifumbire n'imicungire y'amazi mu gihe gito bigomba gukomezwa kurusha mu gihe cy'uburumbuke, kandi ifumbire y'inyuma y'imizi ishobora kwiyongera. Umubare waguca ubwatsibigomba kugenzurwa kugeza ku nshuro 7-8 mu mwaka.
4. Gucunga icyiciro cyo kwangirika kw'ibyatsi
Ubwatsi bwatangiye kwangirika umwaka ku wundi nyuma y’imyaka 10 butewe, kandi bwarangiritse cyane nyuma y’imyaka 15 butewe. Gucunga amazi, mu gihe cy’izuba n’imvura, bibuza amazi kuzura, bitabaye ibyo bizongera kubora kw’imizi no gupfa. Kongera imbaraga mu kugenzura no gukumira udukoko n’indwara. Uretse gufumbira bisanzwe, koresha 1% ya urea na dipotassium phosphorus mu gufumbira hanze buri minsi 10-15, cyangwa ukoreshe ifumbire y’ibimera nka Toyota n’indi fumbire y’ibimera iterwa hanze y’imizi, kandi ingaruka ni nziza cyane. Ahantu hapfuye igice hashobora kongera guterwa burundu. Ubwatsi bwangiritse busubira kumera buhoro buhoro nyuma yo gutemwa, kandi inshuro ubwatsi butemwa ntizigomba kurenza inshuro 6 mu mwaka wose. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko ubwatsi nyamukuru ari buto, ibyatsi bibi byoroshye gukura kandi bigomba gucukurwa ku gihe. Gucunga bigomba gukomezwa cyane muri iki gihe kugira ngo bitinde kwangirika kw’ubwatsi.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Nzeri-02-2024