Ni kangahe ugomba kongeramo ifumbire mu busitani bwawe?

Ni kangaheubwatsiGukenera gutunganya hejuru biterwa n'ubwiza bw'ubutaka busanzwe buri munsi y'ubwatsi. Amwe mu makipe ya golf agira ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi buri byumweru bibiri, ariko ntugahangayike: mu rugo, ndetse no ku bantu bafite ubutaka bubi cyane dufite, rimwe mu mwaka rirahagije.

Ifumbire mvange ya azote, fosifore na potasiyumu igomba gushyirwa mu gihe cy'ihinga. Muri rusange ikoreshwa nyuma yo gutema no mbere yo kuhira. Ifumbire mvange ahanini ni ifumbire mvaruganda, igomba kuba yarangiritse neza. Ingano y'ifumbire mvaruganda ikoreshwa kuri hegitari igomba kuba toni 75-110, naho superphosphate ikaba 300-750kg, ishobora guhuzwa no guhinga ubutaka kugira ngo ikoreshwe ifumbire.

Igipimo cya azote: fosiforusiya: potaziyamu kigomba kugenzurwa kuri 5:4:3. Igipimo cyo gukoresha ni gito kandi cyoroshye mu gihe cy'uburumbuke, kandi igihe gito kiba gikomeye kurusha igihe cy'uburumbuke, ibyo bikaba bishobora kongera ifumbire y'inyuma y'imizi. Gufumbira no kuhira bigomba guhuzwa neza kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika k'ubwatsi buterwa no gukoreshwa nabi. Gukoresha ifumbire y'umwimerere ntibishobora gusa kunoza imirire y'ubutaka, ahubwo binanongera uburyo ubutaka butoha n'ubuhumekero, ndetse binafasha ubwatsi kubaho mu gihe cy'itumba mu mutekano.

Ubwatsi bw'ibihuru mu majyaruguru burushaho kuba bwiza bwo gufumbira kabiri mu mwaka, mu ntangiriro z'impeshyi no mu ntangiriro z'umuhindo. Gufumbira bwa mbere mu ntangiriro za Mata (gufumbira bikwiye) ntibishobora gusa gukora ubwatsi hindura icyatsi mbere y'igihe, ariko nanone bifasha mu gihe cy'ubukonjeubwatsi bw'ibyatsikugira ngo bigarure ibyangiritse kandi bibyimbe ubwatsi mbere yuko ibyatsi bibi bimera buri mwaka; komeza ifumbire ya kabiri muri Nzeri. Uretse kongera igihe cy'icyatsi kibisi kugeza mu mpera z'umuhindo n'itumba, bishobora kandi gutuma amashami mashya n'imizingo bikura mu mwaka wa kabiri.

Kugira ngo ubutaka bukomeze kuba bwiza, burambe igihe kirekire, kandi bugahangana n’indwara n’udukoko, hagomba kubungabungwa ingano y’intungamubiri. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kongera imbaraga mu gusiga hejuru y’imizi no kongeramo ibindi bintu bitari N, P, na K kugira ngo bihuze n’ibikenewe mu mikurire yabyo.

Mu gucunga ibikorwa byo kubungabunga, hibandwa cyane ku gucunga amazi n'ifumbire, gufata mu mpeshyi kugira ngo hirindwe ko yangirika, gufata mu mpeshyi amavuta yo kwisiga izuba, gufata mu gihe cy'izuba, kugwa mu gihe cy'impeshyi no mu gihe cy'itumba gufata mu byatsi kugira ngo hirindwe ko umuyaga n'ubushyuhe. Muri rusange, tera amazi rimwe mu gitondo na nimugoroba mu cyumweru kimwe nyuma yo gusiga ubwatsi, kandi urebe niba ubwatsi bwarapfukiranye, kandi imizi y'ibyatsi igomba kuba hafi y'ubutaka bw'abashyitsi. Tera amazi rimwe ku munsi nimugoroba mu byumweru bibiri nyuma yo gukoresha. Nyuma y'ibyumweru 2, bitewe n'igihe n'ikirere, akenshi bifata iminsi 2 kugeza kuri 3 gutera amazi, cyane cyane atera ubushyuhe.

Shyira ifumbire nyuma y'icyumweru kimwe nyuma yo gutera kugeza ku mezi atatu, shyira ifumbire rimwe mu mezi atatu, shyiramo umuti wa urea wa 0.1% ~ 0.3% hamwe no kuhira, woroshye mbere yo gukuramo n'ubunini; rimwe mu kwezi, metero 667 za urea 2 ~ 3kg, ku munsi w'imvura. Koresha icyuma gikata ibyatsi mu gukata ibyatsi iyo ibyatsi byose bifite uburebure bwa cm 8 ~ 10 mu gihe ukwirakwiza cyangwa ushyiramo amazi mu gihe cy'ikirere gikeye.

Ibyatsi bibi bikurwaho hakiri kare nyuma y'igice cy'ukwezi nyuma yo guterwa, kandi mu mpera za Mutarama, ibyatsi bibi bitangira gukura. Ibyatsi bibi bigomba gucukurwa no gushingwa imizi mu gihe, kandi bigashyirwa hamwe nyuma yo gucukurwa kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka ku mikurire y'ibyatsi nyamukuru. Ubwatsi bushya buterwa muri rusange nta byanduza cyangwa indwara, kandi ntibukeneye gusukwa. Kugira ngo byihutishe imikurire, 0.1% kugeza 0.5% ya phosphate ya potasiyumu dihydrogen ishobora gusukwa hamwe no kuhira mu cyiciro cya nyuma.