Hari ibintu byinshi bituma ubwatsi budashobora gukura neza mu gicucu: ibimera ntibibona urumuri rw'izuba ruhagije kugira ngo bikure neza, indwara ziterwa n'ahantu hapfutse igicucu zishobora kwibasira ibimera bitwikiriye ubutaka bidafite urumuri rw'izuba, kandi ubwatsi bugomba guhangana n'imizi y'ibiti kugira ngo bubone amazi n'intungamubiri.
Iyo ubutaka butose cyangwa amazi mabi atuma imizi y’ibiti iba migufi, cyangwa ibiti bimwe na bimwe bivuka bifite imizi migufi, nka silver maple, biragoye cyane guhangana n’imizi y’ibiti.
Kugira ngo uhinge neza ubwatsi mu gicucu, ugomba gukoresha uburyo bumwe bwo kubukoresha mu guhinga ubwatsi ku zuba. Hari inyandiko yasohotse itanga inama ku bijyanye na politiki yo kubukoresha kandi igasaba ko bukoreshwa mu turere tutazameramo ubwatsi.
Guhitamo imbuto z'ibyatsi
Ikintu cy'ingenzi mu kubungabunga ubwatsi bwiza ni uguhitamo imbuto z'ubwatsi. Gutera ubwoko bwiza bw'ubwatsi bishobora gutandukanya ubwatsi bukura neza n'ubwatsi buzapfa nubwo waba witonze. Urugero, ubwatsi buzwi cyane, bukunda umwijima, ntibukora neza cyane mu gace gafite igicucu. Fescue nziza ndende ishobora kwihanganira ikirere gicucu ariko ntishobora kwihanganira gukandagira cyane. Ubwatsi bunini n'ubwatsi bunini busaba ubutaka butose kugira ngo bucungwe neza.
Icy'ingenzi cyo gukomeza ubusitani bwawe mu gicucu ni uguhitamo uruvange rw'imbuto zihuza amoko menshi yihanganira igicucu kandi zigakoresha amoko 2-4 atandukanye ya buri bwoko hamwe. Hari ubwoko burokoka kuko bushobora gukurira ku zuba ryinshi, mu gihe ubundi bushobora kwihanganira indwara. Guhuza amoko y'ibyatsi bifasha mu gukuraho indwara cyangwa kwangirika guterwa n'ikirere mu busitani bwose.
Uburyo imbuto zivanze neza ku kibanza cyawe biterwa n'ingano y'ubushuhe buhari. Ubutaka bwinshi buterwa n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'ubururu kandi ntibukwiriye guterwa ahantu hari igicucu. Iyo hakoreshejwe uruvange rurimo ubururu n'ubururu bivanze na fescue nziza, bushobora gukoreshwa mu gihe cy'igicucu.
二、 Ubuyobozi bw'iyubakwa ry'ubwatsi
2.1 Gufumbira
Ubutaka buhingwa mu gicucu bukenera intungamubiri nkeya ugereranyije n’ubwatsi buhingwa ku zuba. Ubutaka buhiye mu gicucu ntibukenera ibiro birenga 2 by’ifumbire ya azote kuri metero kare 1.000 buri mwaka. Ubutaka buhiye ku zuba bukoresha kimwe cya kabiri cy’ubwo. Ifumbire nziza cyane ishobora gutuma ubwatsi bucika intege cyangwa bigatuma ibimera bitabona. Igihe cyiza cyo gukoresha ifumbire ni igihe ibimera byawe bikeneye intungamubiri cyane. Hari ibihe bitatu byo gukoresha ubwatsi: impeshyi, impeshyi n’impeshyi. Ifumbire igomba gushyirwaho kabiri buri gihembwe, ikiro 1 cya azote kuri metero kare 1.000 hagati muri Gicurasi n’ingano imwe mu cyumweru cya nyuma cya Kanama cyangwa icyumweru cya mbere cya Nzeri. Gahunda itanga ubutaka bwiza mu mpeshyi hakoreshejwe ikiro 2/3 cy’ifumbire ya azote kuri metero kare 1.000 hagati muri Gicurasi, mu ntangiriro za Nyakanga, no hagati kugeza mu ntangiriro z’Ukwakira.
2.2 Gutema no gutwara
Ku bwatsi buhingwa mu gace gacucu, ni byiza guca ubwatsi bwa santimetero 3-4. Ubu burebure buri hejuru gato y’uburebure bwa santimetero 2 (1/2)-3 (1/2) ku bwatsi buhingwa ku zuba. Ku bwatsi bupfutse kandi bufite izuba, shyira uburebure bwabwo kuri santimetero 3-3 (1/2) kugira ngo ubu bwatsi buhuze neza muri utwo duce twombi.Gukata ibyatsiKuba ari bigufi cyane bishobora kwangiza fotosite mu mababi y'ibimera. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane ku byatsi bikura mu gicucu kuko bifite amababi make. Mu gihe utema ubwatsi bwawe, ni byiza kubugumana butarenze kimwe cya gatatu cy'inzira inyura mu mababa. Ku bwatsi bufite igicucu, kata ubwatsi bugeze kuri santimetero 1.5 kugeza kuri 1.5. Gukata amababi arenga kimwe cya gatatu bizahagarika by'agateganyo gukura kw'imizi no gutuma imizi y'ibimera igabanuka.
Niba bishoboka, gabanya urujya n'uruza rw'abantu bajya mu busitani burimo igicucu kinini kugira ngo bushobore kwisubiraho buhoro buhoro nyuma yo kwangirika kwabwo. Uburebure bwa santimetero 1.5-16 bufasha kandi kurinda aho ikimera gikura mu kugabanya kwangirika guterwa n'urujya n'uruza rw'abantu, usiga uduce twinshi tw'amababi inyuma.
2.3 Abagenzura izamuka ry'ubukungu
Ibikoresho bigenzura imikurire y'ibimera bishobora kunoza cyane ubwiza bw'ubwatsi mu duce dufite igicucu. Bikora mu kugabanya uburebure bw'amababi, bigatanga intungamubiri nyinshi zo gukura kw'imizi. Nyuma yo kugereranya, byagaragaye ko ibimera byavuwe byari bifite ibara ryijimye, bifite amababi meza n'imizi myinshi, mu gihe ibimera bitavuwe byari bifite umweru w'ikijuju, amababi make kandi imizi idahagije. Shaka ifumbire ikwiye ku isoko y'ibimera biri mu duce dufite igicucu, harimo n'ibigenzura imikurire. Indi mashini igenzura imikurire, trinexapac-ethyl, ishobora gukoreshwa mu kwita ku bwatsi mu buryo bw'umwuga no mu gutunganya imiterere y'ubutaka.
2.4 Kuhira
Ubutaka bugomba kuvomerwa santimetero 1 buri cyumweru. Ku bimera, kuvomerera neza, kugeza kuri santimetero 1.5-1.5, ni byiza kuruta kuvomerera kenshi. Ubutaka n'ibiti bifite imizi migufi bigomba kuvomererwa kenshi kuko biba byoroshye kwibasirwa n'amapfa. Ubwoko bw'ubutaka n'ubwinshi bwabwo bigira ingaruka ku rugero rw'amazi ibimera byawe bikeneye. Ubutaka bw'umucanga bufite amazi make ugereranyije n'ubutaka bw'umucanga n'ibumba, bityo bukenera kuvomererwa kenshi. Koresha amazi make (hafi santimetero 1.5 icyarimwe) ku butaka bw'umucanga n'ubutagoranye, kubera ko ubwo butaka budashobora kubika amazi angana n'ubutaka bw'umucanga n'ubutaka bw'umucanga.
Kugira ngo umenye uburyo bwo gutera amazi mu butaka bwawe, shyira agacupa ka kawa munsi y'agacupa kawe urebe igihe bifata kugira ngo wuzuze kugeza ku rugero rwagenwe. Imashini nyinshi zo gutera amazi zifata amasaha 2 kugira ngo zipfuke santimetero 1 z'amazi. Kuhira ubwatsi bwawe mu gitondo biguha amahirwe yo kuma umunsi wose. Kuhira nyuma ya saa sita cyangwa nimugoroba byongera ibyago byo kwandura indwara kuko byongerera igihe amababi aba atose.
2.5 Indwara
Nubwo byamera ku zuba ryinshi, ubwatsi buri mu gicucu bushobora gupfa cyangwa kwibasirwa n'indwara nyinshi zigabanya imikurire yabwo. Ahantu hacucu hari ubushyuhe buciriritse cyane, umuyaga muke, ndetse n'ubushuhe bwinshi. Muri icyo gihe, nyuma y'ikime, imvura cyangwa kuhira, igihe amazi amara ku buso bw'amababi nacyo kizongera igihe. Ibi bintu bituma ibihumyo byinshi bikura kandi bigatera indwara z'ubwatsi. Kimwe n'izindi ndwara zose zo mu bwatsi, igisubizo cyiza ni ugutera ubwatsi budashobora gucucumuka no guhindura ibidukikije utema ibiti kugira ngo wongere urumuri n'umwuka. Ifu y'umuhondo ni imwe mu ndwara zikunze kugaragara mu bwatsi bucucumuka. Ifu y'umuhondo yera, igaragara byoroshye iyo igize ingaruka ku mababi. Ifu y'umuhondo ikomeza kubaho gusa ku buso bw'amababi kandi irakurwaho byoroshye. Ifu y'umuhondo mu bwatsi ntishobora kwicwa mu buryo butaziguye, ariko ishobora gukumira burundu ubwandu bukomeye butera urupfu rw'ibimera. Ifu y'umuhondo yibasirwa cyane n'iyi ndwara kurusha ubundi bwoko bw'ibyatsi. Hari imiti yica udukoko yitwa ko irwanya ifu y'umuhondo, ariko ntacyo imaze kuko ifu y'umuhondo yongera kugaruka mu minsi 7-28. Kuhira nijoro bigomba kwirindwa.
Ikizinga cy'umukara, cyitwa kandi ifu y'urubura, ni indi ndwara ikunze kugaragara mu ibara ry'igicucu. Iki gihumyo gikura neza mu bihe bikonje kandi bitose kandi kibaho mu gihe cy'ihinga muri Wisconsin. Indwara y'iki gihumyo rimwe na rimwe ikora uduce duto tw'umweru duhinduka umuhondo mu busitani. Indwara zikomeye zishobora kwica busitani bwawe. Imiti yica udukoko ishobora gukoreshwa, ariko amahitamo meza ni ayo kwibasira indwara zose ziri mu gicucu: Tema ibiti kugira ngo bibone urumuri rw'izuba n'umwuka mwinshi.
Izindi ndwara zishobora no kugira ingaruka ku mikurire y’ubwatsi bw’igicucu, harimo n’amabara y’amababi (azwi kandi ku izina ry’inzoka cyangwa inzoka), ingese, n’ibindi.
2.6 Udukoko tw'inka
Ibimera by’ibimera bigaragaza ko hari imimerere mibi yo gukura kw’ubwatsi. Ibimera by’ibimera ntibibuza gukura kw’ubwatsi, ariko ubwatsi burapfa aho ibimera by’ibimera. Impamvu zikunze gutera ibimera by’ibimera mu bwatsi ni igicucu cyinshi n’ubushobozi buke bwo kororoka. Mbere yuko ubasha gushinga neza ubwatsi aho ibimera by’ibimera, ugomba guhindura ibidukikije kugira ngo urebe ko bitanga urumuri ruhagije, ubushuhe bukwiye, n’uburumbuke kugira ngo ubwatsi bukure.
Guhitamo ibyatsi
Hari ahantu hataberanye no guhinga ubwatsi: Hashobora kuba hataboneka urumuri ruhagije, cyangwa imizi myinshi y'ibiti iri kumera hafi aho, cyangwa hashobora kuba hari urujya n'uruza rw'abantu benshi bishobora gutera urupfu rw'ibimera. Impamvu iyo ari yo yose, tekereza gutera ibyatsi bibi muri utwo duce aho kubaka ubwatsi. Ku duce twinshi dukunze kunyuramo abantu benshi, koresha ibishishwa byaciwe cyangwa amabuye mato. Ku tundi duce, tekereza gutera ubutaka butwikiriye igicucu.
Gucunga ibiti mu gicucu
4.1 Gutema ibiti kugira ngo byongere urumuri n'umwuka
Uburyo bumwe bwo kunozaguhinga ubwatsi Mu gicucu ni ugukata ibiti kugira ngo urumuri rwinshi runyuremo. Gukata amashami y'ibiti bikuramo imbuto nibura metero 15 uvuye ku butaka. Ubu buryo busanzwe bukora gusa ku biti bikuramo imbuto; ibiti bya coniferous bishobora gutakaza ubwiza bwabyo niba amashami yabyo yo hasi yaciwe. Gukata ibiti byongera urumuri rw'ubwatsi bwawe kandi byongera umuvuduko w'umwuka, ibyo bigabanya ibyago byo kurwara. Gukata ibiti bigira akamaro cyane iyo hari igiti kimwe gusa, ariko bishobora kutagira akamaro iyo hari ibiti byinshi mu gicucu. Gukoresha uburyo bwiza bwo gutema bishobora kugabanya indwara zishobora kubaho. Ni byiza guha akazi inzobere yo gutema igiti kinini bitabaye ibyo uzatakaza icyo giti bitewe n'ibyangiritse cyangwa indwara ziterwa no gutema nabi.
4.2 Kuraho amababi yaguye
Iminsi y'izuba n'ubushyuhe buke mu gihe cy'izuba bitanga imiterere myiza yo gukura ubwatsi. Iyo ubwatsi butwikiriwe n'amababi yaguye muri iki gihe cy'ingenzi cyo gukura, ikimera ntikizabasha gutanga no kubika ingufu zihagije mu gihe cy'itumba. Amababi yaguye ahora akurwaho cyangwa agashyirwa mu birundo mu gihe cy'izuba. Iyo amababi aguye ku byatsi neza, ubwatsi ntibuzapfukirwa neza n'amababi yaguye.
4.3 Kurinda ibiti n'imizi yabyo mu gihe cyo gutema
Kwangirika ku giti cyangwa imizi bituma habaho aho indwara zishobora gutera intege nke cyangwa urupfu rw'igiti. Kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika guterwa n'umucanga, tekereza gushyira ifumbire ku gice cyo hasi cy'igiti no hejuru y'imizi migufi. Mbere yo gupfuka, kura ibyatsi n'intoki cyangwa ubyice ukoresheje umuti wica udukoko nka glyphosate.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-01-2024