Amanota y'ubusitani n'amabwiriza yo kubungabunga

Amahame ngenderwaho yo gushyira mu byiciro ibyatsi

1. Ubusitani bwihariye: Igihe cy'icyatsi kibisi ni iminsi 360 ku mwaka. Ubusitani burarambuye kandi uburebure bw'ibishishwa bugenzurwa munsi ya mm 25. Ni ubwo kureba gusa.

2. Ubwatsi bwo mu rwego rwa mbere: igihe cy'icyatsi kibisi kirenga iminsi 340, ubwatsi buragororotse, kandi igishishwa kiri munsi ya mm 40, kugira ngo umuntu arebe kandi akoreshwe mu kwidagadura n'umuryango.

3. Ubwatsi bw'inyongera: Igihe cy'icyatsi kibisi kirenga iminsi 320, ubwatsi burarambuye cyangwa bufite ubuhaname bworoshye, kandi ibishyimbo biri munsi ya mm 60, bikwiriye kuruhukiramo no gukandagira mu buryo bworoheje.

4. Ubwatsi bwo ku rwego rwa gatatu: igihe cy'icyatsi kibisi cy'iminsi irenga 300, ibishyimbo biri munsi ya mm 100, bikoreshwa mu kuruhukira mu ruhame, bitwikira ubutayu, birinda imisozi, nibindi.​

5. Ubwatsi bwo ku rwego rwa 4: Nta mupaka uhari ku gihe cy’icyatsi kibisi, kandi ibisabwa ku burebure bw’ibishyimbo ntabwo ari bikomeye. Bukoreshwa mu gutwikira imisozi y’ibihara no kurinda imisozi, nibindi.

Gusana ibyatsi

1. Gukata

Kugira ngo ubusitani bukomeze kuba bwiza kandi butunganye, ubusitani bugomba gukatwa kenshi. Gukura cyane bizatera kwangirika kw'imizi.

(1) Inshuro zo gutema ibyatsi

① Ubwatsi bwihariye bugomba gucibwa buri minsi 5 mu gihe cy’impeshyi n’impeshyi, kandi rimwe cyangwa kabiri mu kwezi mu gihe cy’umuhindo n’itumba bitewe n’imiterere y’ihinga.

② Ibyatsi byo mu rwego rwa mbere bigomba gucibwa buri minsi 10 mu gihe cy'ihinga, na rimwe mu kwezi mu gihe cy'umuhindo no mu gihe cy'itumba.

③ Ubwatsi bwa kabiri bugomba gucibwa buri minsi 20 mu gihe cy’ihinga, kabiri mu gihe cy’umuhindo, ntabwo bucibwa mu gihe cy’itumba, kandi bugakorwa mbere y’impeshyi.

④Ubwatsi bwo mu cyiciro cya 3 bugomba gucibwa rimwe mu gihembwe.

⑤Ibyatsi byo mu cyiciro cya kane bigomba gucibwa neza hakoreshejwe icyuma gikata uburoso rimwe mu gihe cy'itumba.

Guhitamo imashini

① Ubusitani bwihariye bushobora gukatwa gusa hakoreshejwe imashini zikata ubwatsi, ubwatsi bwo mu rwego rwa mbere n'ubwa kabiri bushobora gukatwa hakoreshejwe imashini zizunguruka, ubwatsi bwo mu rwego rwa gatatu bushobora gukatwa hakoreshejwe imashini zikoresha umuyoboro w'umwuka cyangwa imashini zikata ubusi, naho ubwatsi bwo mu rwego rwa kane bushobora gukatwa hakoreshejwe imashini zikata ubusi. Impande zose z'ibyatsi zigomba gukatwa. Koresha imashini yoroshye yo gukata ubusi cyangwa imashini zikata intoki.​

② Mbere ya buri guca ubwatsi, uburebure bw'ibyatsi byo mu gasozi bugomba gupimwa, kandi uburebure bw'umutwe w'icyuma gikata bugomba guhindurwa hakurikijwe imashini yatoranijwe. Muri rusange, ku byatsi byo mu rwego rwo hejuru byihariye kugeza ku byo mu rwego rwa kabiri, uburebure bwa buri cyatsi ntibugomba kurenza 1/3 cy'uburebure bw'ibyatsi.​

Intambwe zo gutema: a. Kura amabuye, amashami yapfuye n'indi myanda mu byatsi.

b. Hitamo icyerekezo gihurira n'icyerekezo cyabanje byibuze na dogere 30 kugira ngo wirinde ko ugabanya ubwatsi mu cyerekezo kimwe bigatuma ubwatsi bukura ku ruhande rumwe.​c. Umuvuduko ntugomba kuba uwihutirwa cyangwa ngo ube muto, kandi inzira igomba kuba igororotse. Hagomba kubaho ahantu hagera kuri cm 10 mu gice cyo gutema kuri buri rugendo rwo kuzenguruka.

d. Mu gihe uhuye n'imbogamizi, ugomba kuzizenguruka, kandi impande z'ibyatsi bidasanzwe bizikikije zigomba gucibwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n'umurongo. Mu gihe uhindukira, ugomba kugabanya umuvuduko w'ingufu.

e. Niba ubwatsi ari burebure cyane, bugomba kugabanywa buhoro buhoro, kandi gukora ibintu byinshi cyane ntibyemewe.​

f. Koresha icyuma gikata uburoso mu gukata impande, ibyatsi biri iruhande rw'inzira, n'ibyatsi biri munsi y'ibiti. Ntibyemewe gukoresha icyuma gikata uburoso mu gukata indabyo n'ibihuru bito (kugira ngo wirinde kwangiza indabyo n'ibiti ku buryo butunguranye). Aha hantu hagomba gukatwa n'intoki. Urugero: Nyuma yo gukata, sukura ibyatsi byaciwe hanyuma ubishyire mu mifuka, sukura aho byakorewe, kandi usukure imashini.

(3)Gutema ibyatsiamahame y'ubuziranenge

①Nyuma y'uko amababi aciwe, ingaruka muri rusange zizaba nziza, nta miterere igaragara cyangwa ngo habeho gukata, kandi impande zaciwe zizaba zimeze neza.

② Koresha imashini zikata intoki zikozwe mu buryo bwa brush cutter kugira ngo usubizeho uduce twaciwe ku mbogamizi no ku nkengero z'ibiti, nta bimenyetso bigaragara byerekana ko uduce twaciwe twabuze. ③Nta bimenyetso bigaragara byerekana ko hari aho duhurira n'ibitari byo n'aho duhindukira.

④Sukura aho hantu, ntusige ibyatsi cyangwa imyanda inyuma. ⑤Igipimo cy'imikorere myiza: 200~300㎡/isaha ku mashini imwe.

2. Suka amazi

① Ubusitani bw’ibyiciro byihariye, ubwa mbere, n’ubwa kabiri bugomba kuvomererwa rimwe ku munsi mu gihe cy’izuba n’igihe cy’impeshyi, kandi inshuro ebyiri cyangwa eshatu mu cyumweru mu gihe cy’izuba n’igihe cy’itumba bitewe n’ikirere.

②Ubutaka bwo ku rwego rwa gatatu bugomba kuvomererwa bitewe n’ikirere, kandi ihame ni ukwirinda kuma bitewe n’ibura ry’amazi. ③Ubutaka bwo ku rwego rwa kane bushingiye cyane cyane ku mazi aturuka mu kirere.

3. Gukuraho ibyatsi bibi

Gutera ibyatsi ni igikorwa cy'ingenzi mu kubungabunga ubwatsi. Ibyatsi bibi bifite imbaraga kurusha ibyatsi byatewe. Bigomba gusukurwa ku gihe, bitabaye ibyo bizafata intungamubiri z'ubutaka bikabuza ubwatsi bwatewe gukura.

(1) Gutera ibyatsi n'intoki

① Muri rusange, umubare muto w'ibyatsi cyangwa ibyatsi byo mu gasozi bidashobora kuvurwa n'imiti yica udukoko birakurwaho n'intoki. ② Gutera ibyatsi n'intoki bigabanyijemo uduce, uduce, n'uduce, kandi imirimo yo gutera ibyatsi irangizwa n'abakozi babigenewe, ingano, n'igihe. ③Akazi gakwiye gukorwa wicaye, kandi kwicara hasi cyangwa kunama ushakisha ibyatsi ntibyemewe. ④ Koresha ibikoresho by'inyongera kugira ngo ukure ibyatsi hamwe n'imizi y'ibyatsi. Ntukureho gusa igice cy'ibyatsi kiri hejuru y'ubutaka. ⑤ Ibyatsi byakuwemo bigomba gushyirwa mu gisanduku cy'imyanda ku gihe kandi ntibigomba gusigara biri hirya no hino. ⑥Gutera ibyatsi bigomba kurangizwa bikurikiranye hakurikijwe agace, agace n'ubuso.

(2) Gutera ibyatsi bibisi

① Koresha imiti yica udukoko inyuranye kugira ngo urwanye ibyatsi bibi byakwirakwiriye.

② Bigomba gukorwa ku buyobozi bw'umuhanga mu by'ubuhinzi, kandi umuti w'ibyatsi ugomba gutangwa n'umuhanga mu by'ubuhinzi cyangwa umuhanga mu by'ubuhinzi, kandi umuti w'ibyatsi ugomba gutoranywa neza ubyemerewe n'umuyobozi ushinzwe kubungabunga ibyatsi. ③Mu gihe utera imiti y'ibyatsi, shyira imbunda yo gutera imiti hasi kugira ngo wirinde ko igihu kigwa mu bindi bimera.

④ Nyuma yo gutera umuti wica udukoko, imbunda itera umuti, imbunda, imashini, nibindi bigomba gusukurwa neza, kandi umuti utera umuti ugomba kuvomwa n'amazi meza mu gihe cy'iminota mike. Ntugasuke amazi yogejwe ahantu hari ibimera. ⑤ Imiti yica udukoko irabujijwe hafi y'indabyo, ibihuru, n'ibiti, kandi imiti yica udukoko irabujijwe ku byatsi ibyo ari byo byose.

⑥ Bika inyandiko nyuma yo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko.

(3) Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo kurwanya ibyatsi bibi

① Nta byatsi bibi birebire cyane birenga cm 15 mu busitani bwo ku rwego rwa 3 no hejuru yabyo, kandi umubare w'ibyatsi bibi bifite uburebure bwa cm 15 ntugomba kurenza ibiti 5/㎡.

②Nta byatsi bibisi bigaragara ku busitani bwose.

③Nta byatsi bibi byakuze mu bwatsi bwose.

4. Gufumbira

Ifumbire igomba gukoreshwa gake kandi kenshi kugira ngo ibyatsi bikure neza. (1) Ifumbire

① Ifumbire mvaruganda igabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri: ishongesha vuba na buhoro, ari yo fumbire nyamukuru ikoreshwa mu byatsi. Ifumbire mvaruganda ishongesha vuba ishongesha mu mazi hanyuma igaterwa. Ifumbire mvaruganda ishongesha buhoro ikunze guterwa yuma. Ariko, gutwika ahantu runaka akenshi bibaho iyo ukoresheje ifumbire mvaruganda ishongesha buhoro, bityo ikoreshwa cyane cyane ku byatsi bifite ibisabwa bike.

②Urea. Urea ni ifumbire mvaruganda ikoresha azote kandi ikunze gukoreshwa mu gutera ubwatsi. Gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda ikoresha azote cyane ku bwatsi bituma ibimera bitakaza ubushobozi bwo kurwanya indwara no kwandura. Gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda nabi bishobora no gutera ubushye, bityo muri rusange si byiza kuyikoresha kenshi.

③ Kuailumei ni ifumbire y’amazi ya azote ifite ingaruka nk’iza urea.

④Ifumbire mvaruganda ikora igihe kirekire ni ifumbire ikomeye ifite ibintu byinshi, ifite imiterere y'ingaruka nziza z'ifumbire mvaruganda mu gihe kirekire. Muri rusange, nta kintu cyo gutwika kizabaho, ariko kirahenze.

(2) Amahame ngenderwaho yo guhitamo ifumbire

Ku bwatsi bwo ku rwego rwa mbere no hejuru yabwo, koresha ifumbire mvaruganda ihita iboneka, ubwiza bw'icyatsi bwihuse n'ifumbire mvaruganda ikora igihe kirekire. Ku bwatsi bwo ku rwego rwa kabiri n'urwa gatatu, koresha ifumbire mvaruganda ishonga buhoro buhoro. Ku bwatsi bwo ku rwego rwa kane, nta gufumbira guhari.

(3) Uburyo bwo gufumbira

① Nyuma yo gushonga ifumbire mvaruganda ihita ivamo ku kigero cya 0.5% ukoresheje uburyo bwo koga mu mazi, shyiramo ifumbire ishyushye cyane ku kigero cya 80㎡/kg. ② Nyuma yo gushonga Kuailvmei ukurikije ikigero cyagenwe n'ingano, shyiramo ifumbire ishyushye cyane.

③ Sakaza ifumbire mvaruganda ikora igihe kirekire neza ukoresheje intoki nk'uko amabwiriza abivuga, hanyuma utere amazi rimwe mbere na nyuma yo kuyitera.

④ Shyira ifumbire mvaruganda ishonga buhoro buhoro ku gipimo cya 20g/㎡.​

⑤ Koresha urea ku kigero cya 0.5%, uyivange n'amazi, hanyuma uyitere imbunda ikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi.

⑥ Gufumbira bikorerwa mu duce, mu duce no mu duce kugira ngo bibe bimwe.

(4) Urugendo rw'uburumbuke

①Inzira yo gufumbira ifumbire mvaruganda ikora igihe kirekire igenwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo gukoresha ifumbire.

② Ku bwatsi bw’inyongeramusaruro n’ubwa mbere budakoresha ifumbire mvaruganda ikora igihe kirekire, shyiramo ifumbire y’inyongeramusaruro ihita ikoreshwa rimwe mu kwezi.

③ Kuailvmei na urea bikoreshwa gusa mu guhiga icyatsi mu minsi mikuru ikomeye no mu igenzura, kandi ikoreshwa ryabyo rigenzurwa cyane mu bindi bihe.

④ Shyira ifumbire mvaruganda ishongesha buhoro buhoro mu busitani bwo ku rwego rwa kabiri n'urwa gatatu buri mezi 3.

5. Kurwanya udukoko n'indwara

Witondere gukumira no kurwanya udukoko n'indwara, kandi ufate ingamba zifatika zo kubirwanya mbere yuko bibaho ukurikije uburyo bikunze kubaho.

① Indwara zikunze kugaragara mu busitani zirimo ibizinga by'amababi, indwara y'ibihumyo, kubora, ingese, nibindi. Udukoko dusanzwe mu busitani turimo udukoko, udukoko two mu bwoko bwa mole crickets, inyoni zo mu bwoko bwa cutworms, nibindi.

② Gukumira indwara zo mu gasozi n'udukoko bigomba kuba iby'ingenzi. Ku bwatsi bwo mu rwego rwa mbere n'uburenzeho, imiti yica udukoko n'imiti yica udukoko igomba gutera imiti buri mezi atandatu. Imiti igomba gutoranywa n'umuhanga mu by'ubuhinzi cyangwa umuhanga mu by'ubuhinzi. Ku bwatsi bwo mu rwego rwa kabiri, gutera imiti rimwe mu kwezi. ③Ku ndwara zitunguranye n'udukoko, uko urwego rw'ubwatsi rwaba rungana kose, imiti yica udukoko igomba gutera imiti ku gihe kugira ngo hirindwe ikwirakwira.

④ Ubwatsi bwangiritse cyane bitewe n'udukoko n'indwara bugomba gusimbuzwa igihe.

6.Gucukura ibyatsi, kugabanya ubukana, no gusimbuza

① Ku busitani bwo ku rwego rwa kabiri cyangwa hejuru yabwo, imyobo igomba gucukurwa rimwe mu mwaka; bitewe n'ubucucike bw'ubusitani, ubwatsi bugomba gucibwa rimwe mu mwaka 1 kugeza kuri 2; nyuma y'ibikorwa binini, ubwatsi bugomba gucibwa igice no gusigwa.

② Gukata ubwatsi igice: Koresha icyuma gifata icyuma kugira ngo worohereze igice cyakandagiwe kugeza kuri cm 5. Kuraho ubutaka bwakandagiwe n'imyanda, ushyiremo ifumbire yo kunoza ubutaka n'umucanga.

③ Gucukura no gutunganya ibyatsi mu buryo bunini: Tegura imashini, umucanga, n'ibikoresho. Ubwa mbere, koresha icyuma gikata ibyatsi kugira ngo wongere ukate ibyatsi, koresha icyuma gikata ibyatsi kugira ngo wongere uteke ibyatsi, koresha icyuma gikata ibyatsi kugira ngo wongere uteke ibyatsi, koresha icyuma gikata imyobo, hanyuma ukoreshe intoki cyangwa ukoreshe icyuma gikata ibyatsi gizunguruka. Kuramo ibyondo n'ibisigazwa by'ibyatsi, shyiramo ifumbire yo kunoza ubutaka n'umucanga.

④ Niba hari ibibara by'ubururu cyangwa ibibara byapfuye bifite umurambararo urenga cm 10 mu busitani bwo ku rwego rwa kabiri cyangwa hejuru yabwo, cyangwa niba ibyatsi bibi byo mu gace birenga 50% by'ibyatsi byo mu busitani kandi bidashobora gukurwaho hifashishijwe imiti yica ibyatsi, ubwatsi bwo muri ako gace bugomba gusimbuzwa igice.​

⑤ Ibice by'ubwatsi biri hejuru y'urwego rwa kabiri birakandagirwa, bigatuma bikura nabi cyane, kandi bigomba kunozwa no kugabanya ubwatsi mu gace utuyemo.

⑥ Ku mbuga z’imitako zo ku rwego rwa 2 cyangwa zirenga zisa n’izumye kandi z’umuhondo mu gihe cy’itumba, imbuto z’ibyatsi bya rye zigomba kubiba buri mwaka hagati mu Gushyingo, zifite ubunini bwa metero kare 60/kg.