Ubutaka bushobora gusukura ikirere, gukurura umukungugu, gukumira urusaku, kurwanya umwanda no kwibasirwa n'ibiyobyabwenge, kugabanya isuri, kunoza imiterere y'ubutaka, kugabanya umuvuduko w'imirasire y'izuba, kurinda no kugarura icyerekezo, gusiga ibiti no kuvugurura umujyi, no kunoza ibidukikije byo mu mijyi. Ubutaka buhora bwaguka. Ariko, ubutaka bwo mu ngo muri rusange burangirika kandi bugasigara ari ubusa mu myaka 3-5, ndetse bumwe mu busitani bugasigara ari ubusa nyuma yo kubushyiraho. Igihe cyo gukoresha ubusitani bufite ikoranabuhanga ritunganye ryo kububungabunga mu mahanga kirenga imyaka 10-15. Impamvu ni uko ikoranabuhanga ryo kubungabunga ubusitani mu gihugu cyanjye ritarakura bihagije, ahanini bitewe n'uburyo budakwiye cyangwa butinze bwo kububungabunga nko gukata, gufumbira, kuhira, no kurwanya udukoko. Ingingo z'ingenzi za kubungabunga ubwatsin'uburyo bwo gucunga byasobanuwe muri make hano hepfo.
1. Gukata
Ndetse no guca ubwatsi ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane mu kwita ku bwatsi. Iyo ubwatsi budaciwe ku gihe, igice cyo hejuru cy'igiti gikura vuba cyane kandi rimwe na rimwe kigatera imbuto, ibyo bikabangamira kandi bigatera ingaruka ku mikurire y'ibyatsi birwanya uburibwe mu gice cyo hasi, bigahinduka ubutayu.
Igihe cyo guca ubwatsi muri rusange kiba kuva muri Werurwe kugeza Ugushyingo, kandi rimwe na rimwe biba ngombwa no gutema mu gihe cy'ubukonje bushyushye. Uburebure bwo guca ubwatsi muri rusange bukurikiza ihame rya 1/3. Guca ubwatsi bwa mbere bikorwa iyo ubwatsi bufite uburebure bwa cm 10-12, naho uburebure bw'ibishyimbo bukaba cm 6-8. Inshuro uca ubwatsi buterwa n'uburyo ubwatsi bwawe bukura vuba. Ubwatsi bwo hanze bwiza bucanwa inshuro zirenga 10 cyangwa ndetse n'amagana mu mwaka. Ubusanzwe Gicurasi-Kamena ni cyo gihe ubwatsi bukura cyane. Bucanwa inshuro 1-2 buri minsi 7-10, na 1-2 buri minsi 10-15 mu bindi bihe. Ubwatsi bwacanywe inshuro nyinshi. Ntabwo bufite gusa amashami maremare n'ubushobozi bwo gutwikira, ahubwo bufite uburebure buke, amababi yoroheje n'agaciro gakomeye ko gushushanya.
Mu gihe utema ubwatsi, imirongo yo gutema igomba kuba iringaniye kandi icyerekezo kigomba guhindurwa buri gihe utema. Mu gihe cy'amapfa, ushobora gushyira ibyatsi byaciwe ku bwatsi kugira ngo bikonje, ariko ntibishobora gusigara igihe kirekire, bitabaye ibyo ubwatsi buzoroha byoroshye, bugakura buhoro buhoro kandi bukororoke bagiteri. Impande z'ubwatsi muri rusange zicibwa imikasi kugira ngo zikomeze kugaragara neza.
2. Gufumbira
Gufumbira ni indi ntambwe y'ingenzi mu kwita ku bwatsi. Uko ubwatsi butemwa kenshi, ni ko intungamubiri nyinshi zikurwa mu butaka, bityo intungamubiri zihagije zigomba kongera kuzura kugira ngo zongere gukura. Gufumbira ubwatsi muri rusange bishingiye ku ifumbire ya azote n'ifumbire mvaruganda. Ingano ikwiye y'ifumbire ni 28-12kg kuri 667m2, ni ukuvuga 15-18g / m2. Inshuro zo gufumbira ziratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'ubwatsi. Muri rusange, ubwatsi bugomba gufumbirwa inshuro 7-8 mu mwaka.
3. Kuhira
Bitewe n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibyatsi byo mu gasozi, kwihanganira amapfa biratandukanye gato. Mu gihe cyo gukura cyane, byose bikenera amazi ahagije. Kubwibyo, kuhira ku gihe ni ikindi gipimo cyo kubungabunga ubwatsi bwiza. Muri rusange, mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'igihe cy'amapfa, kuhira rimwe mu minsi 5-7 mu gitondo na nimugoroba kugira ngo imizi itose kugeza kuri cm 10-15. Kuhira mu bindi bihe birakwiye kugira ngo urinde imizi y'ubutaka kandi ukomeze kugira ubushuhe runaka. Ariko, ni byiza gukoresha uburyo bwo gutera imiti mu buryo butandukanye aho gukoresha uburyo bwo kuhira mu gihe uhira kugira ngo ukomeze kuhira ku buryo bumwe, ukomeze kuhira amazi, kandi icyarimwe ukureho umukungugu ku buso bw'ibyatsi.
4. Umwobo wo gucukurahanyuma ukambuka ubutaka kugira ngo uhumeke ubutaka
Imirima y'ubwatsi igomba gucukurwa no gusukurwamo umwuka inshuro 1-2 mu mwaka. Koresha imashini icukura ahantu hanini h'ubwatsi. Nyuma yo gucukura umwobo, uzuza umucanga mu busitani, hanyuma ukoreshe agakoresho k'amenyo cyangwa umusenyi ukomeye kugira ngo uhukure umucanga neza kugira ngo umucanga winjire mu mwobo kugira ngo ukomeze kugira ubutwari no kunoza amazi yo mu butaka bwimbitse. Ubunini bw'umucanga ku buso bw'ubwatsi ntibugomba kurenza cm 0.5. Kugira ngo uhumeke ahantu hato n'ubwatsi bworoheje, koresha agakoresho ko gucukura kugira ngo ucukure amakanya kure n'ubujyakuzimu bwa cm 8-10. Amakanya agomba kujyamo no gusohoka neza kugira ngo wirinde kuzana ibizinga by'ubutaka. Ibipimo bitandukanye by'amakanya bishobora guhindurwa ku bwoko butandukanye bw'ubutaka, kandi amakanya nayo ashobora gukoreshwa mu mirimo. Mu gihe cyo gutema, imizi imwe n'imwe y'ubwatsi ishobora gucibwa kugira ngo imizi ikure neza. Igihe cyiza cyo gucukura imyobo no kwambuka ubutaka kugira ngo buhumeke ni mu ntangiriro z'impeshyi buri mwaka.
5. Kuraho ibyatsi bibi
Mu gihe cyo gukuba ibyatsi, menya neza amahame yo "gukuba ibyatsi kare", "gukuba ibyatsi" na "gukuba ibyatsi". Koresha icyuma iyo ingano ari nto, kandi ucukure ukoresheje isuka iyo ingano ari nini kandi ikomeye, hanyuma utunganye ubutaka mbere yo kongera gutera. Siga ku munsi utuje kandi w'izuba, aho ubushyuhe buba buri hejuru ya 25°C. Muri iki gihe, ingaruka z'umuti ziba zihuse cyane, kandi ingano ishobora kugabanywamo kabiri. Imiti yica ibyatsi ishobora kugira akamaro kurushaho iyo ivanze neza. Ariko witondere kwirinda ko byagutera ingaruka mbi.
6. Kurwanya indwara no kurwanya udukoko
Indwara nyinshi zo mu gasozi ni ibihumyo, nka ingese, ifu y’umukungugu, sclerotinia, anthracnose, nibindi. Akenshi ziba ku mizi y’ibimera byapfuye, ku ruti n’amababi mu butaka. Iyo zihuye n’ikirere gikwiye, zanduza kandi zikangiza ubwatsi, bigatuma ubwatsi butiyongera gukura, bigatuma buhinduka umuhondo cyangwa bugapfa mu duce duto. Uburyo bwo kwirinda no kurwanya ubusanzwe burimo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko mu gukumira cyangwa kuvura hashingiwe ku buryo indwara yandura. Mu gihe cyo kurwanya, ubwatsi bugomba gucibwa buhoro hanyuma bugaterwa umuti.
7. Kuvugurura, kuvugurura nogusimbuka ubutaka
Niba ubwatsi busa n'ubushaje cyangwa bwapfuye igice, bugomba kongera kuvugurura igihe. Ni ukuvuga, iyo ufumbira mu ntangiriro z'impeshyi cyangwa mu mpera z'umuhindo, vanga imbuto z'ibyatsi byameze n'ifumbire hanyuma ubisuke ku butaka neza, cyangwa ukoreshe ifumbire mu guca uduce tw'ubwatsi buri santimetero 20 hanyuma ushyiremo ifumbire. Shyiramo ifumbire kugira ngo utere imbere imimero mishya. Kutagira ubutaka n'imizi ivamo bitewe no gukata kenshi, kuhira no gusukura ubwatsi bwumye, ubutaka bugomba kongerwamo kandi bugazungurutswa mu gihe cy'ikura ry'ubwatsi cyangwa nyuma yo gukata, akenshi rimwe mu mwaka, kandi guzungurutsa bigomba gukorwa kenshi kuruta mu ntangiriro z'impeshyi nyuma y'uko ubutaka bushongeshejwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-06-2024