Kubungabunga no gucunga ibyatsi

1. Kuhira

Kuhira ni imwe mu ngamba z'ingenzi zo kubungabunga ubusitani. Ku busitani, kuhira ntibigabanya gusa "amapfa" kandi bigatera kubora no kwinjiza intungamubiri, ahubwo binatuma ibimera byo mu busitani birushaho gukomera no kudashira, byihutisha ubusitani, bigatera ubusitani kuba icyatsi kare, bigatinda gushya, kandi bigatera igihe kirekire icyatsi no kureba. Binafasha ubwoko bw'ibyatsi byo mu bwoko bw'ubukonje kubaho mu mpeshyi mu mutekano. Igihe n'inshuro byo kuhira ubusitani bigomba kugenzurwa mu buryo bworoshye hakurikijwe aho biherereye n'igihe. Mu majyaruguru y'Ubushinwa, iyo ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka bugeze kuri 4-8°C, imizi y'ibyatsi bikonje itangira gukura, hanyuma amababi agakura. Iyo ubushyuhe bugeze kuri 15°C, gukura ni kwihuta cyane, kandi iyo ubushyuhe bukomeje kuba kuri 27°C, buhinduka nk'ubutayu. Ubusitani bukenera amazi menshi kuva butangiye guhinduka icyatsi, kuva ku gukura cyane kugeza ku kuruhuka mu mpeshyi. Kubwibyo, kuhira bigomba gukorwa inshuro 1-2 mu cyumweru muri iki gihe kugira ngo ubutaka bukomeze kuba butose. Ku busitani busanzwe bukura, amazi y'amazi agomba gusukwa rimwe mu mpeshyi mbere yo kumera na nyuma y'umuhindo igihe gukura kugiye guhagarara. Bitwa amazi y'isoko n'amazi akonje. Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane ku mikurire y'umwaka wose no kubyaza ubwatsi bw'uruhu mu gihe cy'itumba.

2. Fumbira

Nubwo ibimera byo mu gasozi birwanya ubugumba, gufumbira ni ngombwa kugira ngo amababi y’ibyatsi abe icyatsi kibisi kandi akure neza, kugira ngo birusheho gukura neza, kandi birusheho kurwanya ibyatsi bibi n’ubudahangarwa. Uretse kongeramo ifumbire mvaruganda mu gihe wubaka ibyatsi,isosi yo hejurubigomba gukorwa inshuro 1-2 mu gihe cy'ihinga buri mwaka. Gushyira hejuru ahanini bikoresha ifumbire mvaruganda, cyane cyane ifumbire ya azote. Urugero, urea ishyirwa kuri kilo 2 kuri metero kare 667. Ishobora gukwirakwizwa mu busitani hanyuma ikavomerwa, cyangwa igakwirakwizwa mu busitani mbere y'uko imvura igwa.

3. Gukata

Gukata, bizwi kandi nka cutting or roll, ni igikorwa cy'ingenzi kugira ngo ubusitani bukomeze gukura neza no kugaragara neza. Bikoresha ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kuvugurura ibimera by'ubwatsi kugira ngo bicike ku burebure runaka kugira ngo biteze imbere gukura kw'ibice byavuguruwe, bityo biteze imbere guhinga, kongera ubucucike bw'amababi, no kugumana ubwatsi bugufi kandi butunganye hamwe n'ubuso burambuye. Inshuro n'uburebure bwo gutema bigirwaho ingaruka n'ibintu nk'urwego rw'ubuyobozi, ubwoko bw'ubwatsi, ubwoko bw'ibyatsi, ubushyuhe, n'akarere. Niba ubwatsi bufite urwego rwo hejuru rwo kubungabunga no kuhira no gufumbira neza, bizakenera gutema kenshi, kandi mu buryo bunyuranye. Ubwoko bw'amababi manini bugomba gutema kenshi kurusha ubwoko bw'amababi magufi. Mu majyaruguru, ubushyuhe ni buke, ubwatsi bukura buhoro, kandi ubwatsi butemwa gake ugereranyije n'ubwo mu majyepfo. Uburebure bwo gutema bugomba kuguma buri hasi uko bishoboka kose, muri rusange cm 4-6 ku bwatsi bw'imitako kandi ntiburenze cm 8 ku bwatsi busanzwe. Nyuma yo kugena uburebure bwo gutema bw'ubwatsi, bugomba gutema mu gihe uburebure bw'ubwatsi burenze 1/3 cy'uburebure bwo gutema. Iyo nta bisigazwa byinshi nyuma yo gukata, bishobora gusigwa mu busitani bigahinduka ibimera kugira ngo byongere ingano y’ibimera mu butaka. Iyo amashami n’amababi menshi biciwe bigasigwa mu busitani, bigira ingaruka ku isura y’ubusitani kandi bigatera indwara mu busitani, bityo bigomba gukurwaho.

4. Kuraho ibyatsi bibi

Ibyatsi bibi ni umwanzi ukomeye w’ubusitani. Iyo bimaze kwinjira, bigira ingaruka ku bwiza bw’ubusitani, bigatuma ubusitani butakaza ishusho yabwo ya mbere n’iy’umwimerere, ibyo bikabangamira kureba. Mu bihe bikomeye, bigira ingaruka ku mikurire isanzwe y’ubusitani, bigatuma ubusitani bupfa ibice maze bugasigara ari ubusa. Hari uburyo bubiri bwo gukuraho ibyatsi bibi: bumwe ni ugukuraho ibyatsi bibi n'intoki. Koresha icyuma kugira ngo ucukure ibyatsi bibi mu busitani bwawe hanyuma ukureho imizi yose. Ubwa kabiri ni ugukoresha imiti yica ibyatsi. Mu gihe ukoresha, ubwoko bw’ibyatsi bigomba gutoranywa hakurikijwe ubwoko bw’ibyatsi, kandi ingano n’ingano y’ibyatsi bigomba kugenzurwa cyane.

5. Ongeraho ubutaka

Bitewe n’ibyangiritse byakozwe n’abantu, ubwatsi buba burimo ubusa kandi imizi y’ibyatsi iragaragara, bityo bugomba kongerwa buri mwaka kugira ngo imbuto z’ibyatsi zirusheho kumera neza. Ongeramo ubutaka buri gihe cy’itumba cyangwa mu ntangiriro z’impeshyi, kandi ongeramo ubutaka bugire ubunini bwa cm 0.5-1.0 buri gihe. Ntibugomba kuba bunini cyane, bitabaye ibyo bigira ingaruka ku mikurire y’ibimera. Kongeramo ubutaka bishobora kandi guhuzwa no gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda. Icya mbere ni ukunoza ubutaka no kongera uburumbuke bw’ubutaka; icya kabiri ni ukwirinda amazi n’isuri no kongera ubushyuhe n’ubwiza bw’ubwatsi.

6. Kuzunguruka

Iyo ubutaka bw’ubwatsi buhujwe no gucukurwaho igice cy’ubutaka, bukonjeshwa mu gihe cy’itumba, kandi imizi y’ibyatsi ikunze gutandukanywa n’ubutaka ikajya ku butaka, kandi ishobora gupfa byoroshye iyo igeze ku zuba. Kubwibyo, ubusanzwe ubwatsi buzunguruka mu ntangiriro z’impeshyi iyo ubushuhe bw’ubutaka buba buringaniye mbere y’uko ubutaka bushonga kugeza aho bumera. UbusitaniKuzungurukaNtabwo ishobora gusa guhuza imboga z'ibyatsi birebire n'ubutaka bwo munsi, ahubwo inanoza uburyo ubwatsi bugenda neza. Gukanda akenshi bihuzwa no kongeramo ubutaka. Gushyiramo igice cy'ubutaka bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mu butaka no gufasha ubwatsi kwinjiza amazi n'ifumbire.

7. Kwirinda indwara zikomeye n'ingaruka mbi

⑴Indwara

①Ikimenyetso nyamukuru cy’ingese ni ukugaragara kw'ibisebe by'umutuku cyangwa imirongo ku ruti n'amababi, nyuma bigahinduka umukara wijimye. Muri rusange, ingese zitangira gukwirakwira muri Mata, zibanza kugaragara ku mababi, hanyuma zigakwirakwira ku gihingwa cyose mu mpeshyi. Mu bihe bikomeye, ubwatsi bushobora kuma no gupfa ahantu hanini. Uburyo bwo gukumira no kurwanya ni ukubanza kwirinda gukoresha ifumbire ya azote mu mpeshyi, naho ubwa kabiri ni ugukoresha uburyo bwa chimique kugira ngo hirindwe kandi hakorwe.

⑵Udukoko twangiza

① Aka gakoko kangiza cyane ubwatsi. Karya imizi y'ibyatsi n'imizi, kagahagarika amazi y'ibimera, kandi gatuma amashami n'amababi bihinduka umuhondo bigapfa. Uburyo bwo gukumira no kurwanya burimo kwica ukoresheje urumuri rw'umukara, gufata amazi meza n'asharira, no gutera 40% Lesbon inshuro 1000 z'amazi. ② Inzige ifite umutwe usongoye irya amababi n'imizi yoroshye. Iyo bibaye bikomeye, amashami n'amababi yose azaribwa. Ibyangiritse ni byinshi cyane kuva muri Kamena kugeza muri Kanama. Uburyo bwo kurwanya ni ugutera 0.5 kg ya trichlorfon cyangwa dichlorvos kuri hegitari ukoresheje 500 kg y'amazi. Ushobora kandi gushyira imbaraga nyinshi mu kwica mu gitondo. ③ Inyoni nto zirya gusa amashami n'amababi bikiri bito, bikabuza ubwatsi gukura neza. Mu bihe bikomeye, ibimera bishobora gupfa mu bice binini. Uburyo bwo kugenzura ni ugukoresha 50% Dianon EC, 50 kugeza 100 ml kuri mu, cyangwa 25% ifu y'amazi ya karbaryl, 200 kugeza 250 ml kuri mu.