Hashingiwe ku buryo amoko y'ibyatsi ahura n'ikirere, cyane cyane ubushyuhe, amoko y'ibyatsi byo mu kibuga cya golf agabanyijemo amoko y'ibyatsi byo mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe n'ay'ibyatsi byo mu gihe cy'ubukonje. Ubushyuhe bwiza bwo gukura kw'imizi y'ibyatsi byo mu gihe cy'ubukonje (ubushyuhe bwo hasi) ni dogere selisiyusi 10-18, naho ubushyuhe bwiza bwo gukura kw'ibiti n'amababi (ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere) ni dogere selisiyusi 16-24; ku byatsi byo mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe bwiza ku mizi ni dogere selisiyusi 25-29, naho ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere ni dogere selisiyusi 27-35.
Ubwatsi bw'igihe cy'ubukonje: Igihe kinini cyo gukura kw'ibyatsi by'igihe cy'ubukonje kiba mu gihe cy'ubukonje bw'umwaka, ni ukuvuga mu majyepfo mu gihe cy'umuhindo, mu gihe cy'itumba no mu mpeshyi; mu majyaruguru mu gihe cy'impeshyi no mu gihe cy'umuhindo. Ibyatsi by'igihe cy'ubukonje birimo: ifunze, ubururu, ifu na fescue
Ubwatsi bw'igihe cy'ubushyuhe: Igihe cyo gukura kw'ibyatsi by'igihe cy'ubushyuhe cyibanda cyane mu mezi y'ubushyuhe bw'umwaka, ari yo mpera z'impeshyi, icyi n'intangiriro z'umuhindo mu majyepfo no mu karere k'impinduka. Ibyatsi by'igihe cy'ubushyuhe birimo ibyatsi bya Bermuda, Zoysia na Seashore Paspalum. Icyatsi cy'igihe cy'ubushyuhe mu kibuga cya golf gikunze guhuzwa n'ibyatsi by'igihe cy'ubukonje kugira ngo bigumane ibara ryabyo mu gihe cy'itumba. Ifu y'ingano n'ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'ibyatsi by'igihe cy'ubushyuhe ni amahitamo.
Imbuto z'ubwatsi bwa mbere: Ubwatsi bwa mbere bwakoreshejwe muriibibuga bya golfIbyatsi byo mu rwuri byose byari bihari aho hantu, kandi ibyatsi bya mbere byatewe mu bibuga bya golf nabyo byari ibyatsi byo mu gace. Mbere y’imyaka ya 1930, ibibuga bya golf byubatswe mu majyaruguru ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika byakoreshaga ibyatsi byo mu bwoko bwa mixed bent nk'ibyatsi byo mu kibuga cya golf. Ibyiciro byo mu bwoko bwa mixed bent byari birimo 80% bya COLONIAL bent, 10% bya VELVET bent na CREEPING bent nto. Muri Nouvelle-Angleterre, VELVET bent yakoreshwaga ku byatsi bibisi. Izi mbuto z'ibyatsi zari imbuto z'ibanze zo guhinga imbuto z'ibyatsi byo mu kibuga cya golf mu gihe kizaza.
Mu 1916, abahanga benshi bo mu ishami ry’ubuhinzi rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USDA) bashinze umuryango witwa Arlington Lawn Garden, wari wiyemeje gusuzuma no korora imbuto z’ibyatsi zikwiriye ibyatsi. Mu 1921, batangiye ubufatanye mu bucuruzi na USDA kugira ngo bashyireho ku mugaragaro Ishyirahamwe rya Golf rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USGA) kugira ngo bagure ubushakashatsi ku mbuto z’ibyatsi. Bashatse ibyatsi bifite imikorere myiza cyane hirya no hino, nko kuba amababi afite imiterere myiza, ibara, ubwinshi n’ubudahangarwa bw’indwara, maze babitera mu irerero rya Arlington Lawn Garden. USGA yakoresheje inyuguti ya C kugira ngo babishyire mu byiciro byo guhinga. Mu 1927, Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi ya Amerika yatangaje ko bavumbuye ubwatsi bwiza cyane - ubwatsi bucuramye. Bakoresheje ubu buryo bwo kororoka budafite igitsina, ibyatsi byinshi bitwikirwa n’imyenda y’icyatsi, ariko kubera ko bihingwa mu buryo budafite igitsina, indwara zabyo n’udukoko ntibishobora kunozwa.
Ubwatsi butobotse: Abahanga mu bya siyansi batangiye kwiga muri Pennsylvania mu 1940 kugira ngo bagerageze gushaka ubwatsi butombye kandi buhamye. Nyuma y'imyaka 9 bakora cyane, bahinze ubwatsi butombye bwitwa PENNCROSS, bwatangijwe mu 1954 butangira gusimbura ubwatsi butombye bwahozeho. Mbere y'imyaka ya 1990, PENNCROSS yari ubwatsi butombye bwakunzwe cyane. Nubwo ubwoko bushya bwatangijwe, PENNCROSS iracyakoreshwa cyane na n'ubu.
Ubushakashatsi ku mbuto z’ibyatsi byo muri Pennsylvania buracyakomeje. Biyobowe na Dr. Joe Duwick, PENNEAGLE bent yatangiye mu 1978 naho PENNLINKS bent itangizwa mu 1986. Kuva mu 1980 kugeza mu 1990, ubushakashatsi kuri bent bwibanze cyane ku buryo bwo guhinga ubwoko bufite ubushyuhe bwinshi kugira ngo bwongere ubushobozi bwo kwihuza n’ibindi. Binyuze mu bushakashatsi bwakorewe muri Texas na USGA, ubwoko bushya bwa bent bwa CATO na CRENSHAW bwatangijwe. Muri icyo gihe, ubushakashatsi bwa Joe Duwick wo muri Pennsylvania bwibanze ku buryo bwo kunoza ubushobozi bwa bent bwo kwihanganira guca uduce duke. Imbaraga ze zatumye hatangizwa urutonde rwa bent A na G. Andi masosiyete atanga imbuto z’ibyatsi na yo yatangije ubwoko bwiza nka: SR1020, L-93, PROVIDENCE, BACKSPIN, IMPERIAL, nibindi. Ubundi bwatsi butanga imbuto: Ubwatsi bwa bluegrass bwo muri Kentucky na ryegrass y’igihe kirekire yororokejwe cyane mu myaka 40 kugeza kuri 50 ishize, yibanda ku buhinzi bw’intanga ngororamuco kugira ngo byorohereze gutoranya ubwoko butandukanye bw’imbuto z’ibyatsi bufite uburenganzira bwo kwimuka n’amasosiyete atandukanye atanga imbuto z’ibyatsi, harimo:
Ibyatsi byo mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe: Icyatsi cya Bermuda kibereye uturere dushyuha, dushyuha n'utw'amajyepfo y'isi; mu gace k'ikirere cy'inzibacyuho muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Zoysia ikoreshwa cyane ku mihanda, ariko ikoreshwa cyane mu Buyapani, Koreya n'Ubushinwa; Icyatsi cya Buffalo, icyatsi kavukire cyo mu kibaya kinini cya Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, kibereye ubwatsi burebure mu turere dufite ubushuhe buke, butose kandi bukonje; Seashore Paspalum, icyatsi cyo mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe cyihanganira umunyu cyane, kibereye uturere dushyuha n'utw'ubushyuhe, kandi ubwoko bwacyo bwiza bushobora gukoreshwa nk'ubwatsi bwo ku materase,imboga n'imihanda y'amabara.
Ubwatsi bwa Bermuda n'ubwoko bwabwo: Ubwatsi bwa Bermuda bwakoreshejwe cyane bushobora kuba bwarakwirakwijwe n'abashakashatsi ba mbere b'Abesipanyoli. Mu 1924, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zatangije ubwoko bwa Bermuda bwa ATLANTA, naho mu 1938, U3. Nyuma, ubwo umukinnyi ukomeye wa golf Bobby Jones yajyaga mu Misiri gukina golf, yazanye ubwoko bushya bwa Bermuda bwaturutse mu Misiri, UGANDAGRASS. Mbere ya 1950, hari ubwoko bwa Bermuda gusa bwashoboraga gutoranywa. Mu myaka ya 1950 na 1960, ubwatsi bwa Bermuda muri rusange bwabaye ubwatsi bw'ingenzi bwa golf. Mu myaka ya 1940, umuhanga mu bya siyansi wo muri Minisiteri y'Ubuhinzi ya Amerika, Glen Burton, yavumbuye ubwatsi bwinshi, bugufi kandi buringaniye mu murima we wo kugaburira mu mujyi wa Tifton, muri Jeworujiya. Nyuma yo kuvanga, yatangije Tifton 57 (TIFLAWN) mu 1957. Ubu bwatsi burakwiriye cyane guterwa ku bibuga bya siporo ariko ntabwo buhingwa ku byatsi kuko bukura vuba. Burton yakomeje kwiga maze amenya ko hari undi muhanga mu bya siyansi wavanze imbwa ye ya Tifton 57 n’inkomoko yayo muri Afurika. Nyuma yo guhumekwa, yashyigikiye kandi abona imizi myinshi y’imbwa zo mu gace k’amajyepfo mu bibuga bya golf. Nyuma y’amagana y’imbwa zo mu bwoko bwa hybridation, Burton yatangije Tifton 127 (TIFFINE), Tifton 328 (TIFGREEN) na Tifton 419 (TIFWAY). Imbwa nto ya Bermuda (TIFDWARF) yororokejwe n’undi muhanga mu bya siyansi binyuze mu guhitamo imiterere y’imbwa 328, ariko yanditswe na Burton mu 1955.
Kugeza n'uyu munsi, Tifton iracyari ikigo gikomeye cyo kumenya ubwoko bw'ibimera bya Bermuda. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, undi muhanga mu bya siyansi witwa Hanna aracyakora ubushakashatsi mu mujyi wa TIFTON. Yatangije Eagle Grass na TIFSPORT, byombi bifite ibimera bikomoka mu Bushinwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-09-2024