Gusana ibyatsi - Gusana icyatsi-Imwe

1. Gukata

(1) Sukura icyatsi kibisi kugira ngo hatagira ikintu kidashoboka nyuma ya buri gukata. Amashami, amabuye, ibishishwa by'imbuto, ibintu by'icyuma n'ibindi bintu bikomeye bigomba gukurwaho, bitabaye ibyo bizashyirwa mu busitani bw'icyatsi kibisi kandi byangiza ibiti. Ibipimo by'imipira bigomba gusanwa. Gusana nabi ibimenyetso by'imipira bizatera gucikagurika kenshi mu gihe cyo gukata.

(2) Icyifuzo cyatanzweimashini yo guca imbogabigomba gukoreshwa. Inshuro zo gutema muri rusange ni rimwe ku munsi, mu gitondo. Kugabanya igihe cyo gutema bizagabanya ubucucike bw'ubwatsi n'amababi manini. Ariko, iyo utera, uhinga cyangwa ufumbira, gutema bishobora guhagarikwa byibuze umunsi umwe. Uburebure bwiza bwo gutema ubwatsi bw'icyatsi ni cm 4.8 kugeza kuri 6.4, aho hagati ya cm 3 na 7.6. Ariko, mu gihe ubwatsi bushobora kwihanganira, uko uburebure bwo gutema buba buri hasi, ni ko biba byiza.

(3) Uburyo bwo gutema Icyerekezo cyo gutema ubusanzwe gihinduka buri gihe. Ihame ryo guhindura icyerekezo ni kimwe mu byerekezo bine kugira ngo bigabanye umusaruro w'uduti duto two guhinga. Ubu buryo bushobora gutegurwa nk'icyerekezo cy'isaha, nko kuva saa kumi n'ebyiri kugeza saa kumi n'ebyiri, saa tatu kugeza saa cyenda, saa yine n'igice kugeza saa yine n'igice, hanyuma kuva saa moya n'igice kugeza saa moya n'igice. Nyuma yo kuzenguruka muri ibi byerekezo bine, uruhererekane rurasubirwamo, bigatuma habaho igishushanyo mbonera cy'umurongo usobanutse nk'urushundura.

(4) Gukuraho ibyatsi byaciwe. Ubusitani bukusanyirizwa mu gasanduku k'ibyatsi nyuma yo gucibwa hanyuma bukavanwa mu cyatsi kibisi. Bitabaye ibyo, ibyatsi byaciwe bishobora gutuma ubusitani bwo munsi budashobora guhumeka neza bigatera udukoko n'indwara.

(5) Kugenzura utubuto tw’ibiti bikura mu busitani. Ibikoresho nk’uduti tw’ibiti bikura mu busitani bishobora gukoreshwa mu gukosora cyangwa gukumira ko utubuto tw’ibiti bikura mu busitani buto. Iyo busitani bukura cyane, gukata gato busitani buri minsi 5 kugeza ku 10 bishobora gukosora ikibazo cy’utubuto tw’ibiti bikura mu busitani buto. Igiti cy’ibiti cyangwa icyuma gikura mu busitani kigomba guhindurwa ku buso bw’ubusitani.

(6) Ibintu byo kwitaho mu gihe cyo gukata: Abakora akazi ko gukata bagomba kwambara inkweto zirambuye kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'icyatsi kibisi giterwa n'imigozi; Mu gihe cyo gukata, witondere kwirinda ko lisansi, amavuta ya moteri cyangwa mazutu biva mu busitani bigatera utudomo duto twapfuye; Witondere gushwanyagurika kw'ubwatsi, akenshi biterwa n'uko ubwatsi budafashe neza cyangwa ubwatsi bunini cyane kandi budafashe neza. Nyuma y'imvura, ubwatsi buzabyimba nyuma yo kubuteka, bishobora gutuma ubwatsi bworoha byoroshye. Bugomba guhindurwa kuri cm 1.6 hejuru kandi bugakatwa buri minsi mike cyangwa iminsi 1 kugeza kuri 2.

2. Gufumbira

(1) Igihe cyo gufumbira: Ubusanzwe, ifumbire mvaruganda ihendutse irimo azote, fosifore na potasiyumu ikoreshwa mu mpeshyi cyangwa mu gihe cy'izuba. Mu gihe gisigaye cy'ihinga, ifumbire mvaruganda igomba kongerwamo buri gihe.

(2) Uburyo bwo gufumbira: Ni byiza gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda yumye ukoresheje icyuma gikwirakwiza ingano y'ubutaka (centrifugal spreader) hanyuma ugashyira mu cyerekezo gihagaze. Cyane cyane ifumbire mvaruganda ishongera mu mazi, akenshi ikoreshwa iyo amababi yumye, kandi ukayivomerera ako kanya nyuma yo kuyikoresha kugira ngo wirinde gutwika amababi. Kugira ngo wirinde ko ubwatsi butwikwa n'ifumbire, ugomba kwita ku bikurikira: ntugashyiremo ifumbire nyuma y'uko ubwatsi bumaze gucibwa; ntugace ubwatsi ku munsi wo gufumbira; ntugashyireho icyuma gikusanya ibyatsi igihe utema; utobore icyatsi mbere yo gufumbira. Ifumbire mvaruganda ihagije ya azote igomba gukoreshwa kugira ngo igumane ubucucike bw'ubwatsi bw'ubwatsi, ubushobozi buhagije bwo kugarura ubushyuhe, igipimo cyo gukura kw'ubwatsi bw'ubwatsi no kugumana ibara risanzwe. Muri rusange, 1-2.5g/m2 ya azote ikoreshwa buri minsi 10-15. Ifumbire mvaruganda ya potasiyumu: Kubera ko ubwatsi bw'icyatsi kibisi ari umucanga, ifumbire ya potasiyumu yoroshye kuvamo, ibyo bikaba bidafasha mu gukomeza kurwanya ubushyuhe, kurwanya ubukonje, kurwanya amapfa no kurwanya ubwatsi no guteza imbere imikurire y'imizi. Hanyuma, gena gahunda yo gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda ya potasiyumu ukurikije ibyavuye mu isesengura ry'ubutaka. Muri rusange, ifumbire ya potasiyumu ikenerwa ni 50% kugeza 70% bya azote, kandi rimwe na rimwe ifumbire ya potasiyumu nyinshi iba nziza kurushaho. Mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi, amapfa no mu gihe kirekire cyo kuyikandagira, shyiramo ifumbire ya potasiyumu buri minsi 20-30. Ifumbire ya fosifore; ifumbire ya fosifore ni nto, kandi igomba no gukorwa hakurikijwe ibyavuye mu isesengura ry'ubutaka, muri rusange mu mpeshyi no mu mpera z'impeshyi no mu ntangiriro z'umuhindo.

3. Kuhira
Kuhira ni kimwe mu by'ingenzi cyaneingamba zo kubungabungaku busitani bw'icyatsi kibisi. Bigomba kugenwa hashingiwe ku byo buri cyatsi kibisi gikeneye n'ibintu bigira ingaruka kuri cyo.