Ubutaka ni igice cy'ingenzi mu mirimo yo gutera imboga, kandi gutwikira ubwatsi ni kimwe mu bimenyetso by'ingenzi byo gusuzuma urwego rw'ubutaka bugezweho. Ibimera by'ubwatsi ahanini bivuga ibimera bigufi bitwikiriye ubutaka. Bishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora ahantu hanini h'ubwatsi bushashe cyangwa butose. Ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigaragaza ibidukikije by'ubutaka n'urwego rw'ubutaka. Ubutaka si ahantu abantu baruhukira no gusura muri pariki, ubusitani, mu bibuga, mu mihanda, muri pariki z'inyamaswa, mu busitani bw'ibimera, muri pariki z'imyidagaduro, mu mashuri, mu bitaro, nibindi, ahubwo bushobora no gukoreshwa mu bibuga by'imikino, ku bibuga by'indege, ku ngomero, mu migezi, muri gari ya moshi, mu mihanda minini, no mu kurinda imisozi. Ni ibimera byo ku butaka bifite ubutaka bwiza.
1 Guhitamo ubusitani busanzwe
Guhitamo uburyo bwo gutera ubwatsi mu cyatsi bifitanye isano n'imiterere y'aho giterwa, imiterere y'ubusitani n'imiterere y'ibinyabuzima by'ubwoko bw'ibyatsi. Niba ubusitani bushobora kugira akamaro kabwo mu buryo bwuzuye bifitanye isano itaziguye n'ubwoko bw'ibyatsi byatoranijwe. Kubwibyo, ibintu bikurikira bigomba kwitabwaho mu guhitamo ubwoko bw'ibyatsi: ① Ubwoko bw'ibyatsi buhuye n'imiterere y'ibidukikije byo mu gace, bworoshye kororoka, bukura vuba, kandi bugumana amababi y'icyatsi kibisi igihe kirekire mu mwaka wose. ② Ubwoko bw'ibyatsi bihoraho burwanya gutemwa no gukandagirwaho, kandi bufite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo guhangana n'ibyatsi bibi. ③ Ubushobozi bukomeye bwo guhangana n'ibidukikije bibi, burwanya amapfa, amazi menshi, imyuka yangiza, udukoko n'indwara, ubugumba, nibindi. ④ Dukurikije imiterere yo kubungabunga no gucunga, gerageza guhitamo ubwoko bw'ibyatsi bufite ibimera bigufi, amababi yoroheje, imikurire ihoraho, n'amababi meza.
2 Gutegura ubutaka mbere yo gutera
Mberegushyiraho ubusitani, ubutaka buri aho hantu bugomba kunozwa kandi hagategurwa uburyo bwo kuvomerera no kuhira. Mu ntangiriro yo gushinga ubusitani, ibyatsi bibi bigomba gukurwaho kandi amatafari yose, amabuye n'ibindi bisigazwa bigomba gukurwa aho hantu. Ubusitani bugomba gusimbuzwa neza kandi bugashyirwa hasi. Ibimera by'ubusitani ni ibyatsi bigufi bidafite imizi minini kandi imizi ikwirakwira mu buryo budasobanutse. Gerageza gukora ubugari bw'ubutaka bwa cm 40, byaba byiza bitarenze cm 30. Niba ubutaka buboneka mu duce duto, Niba ubutaka ari bubi cyangwa hari ubutaka bwinshi buvanze, ubutaka bugomba gusimbuzwa kugira ngo ubusitani bukure neza. Mu gutegura ubutaka, ushobora gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda, nk'ifumbire mvaruganda, ifumbire mvaruganda, peat n'izindi fumbire mvaruganda, hanyuma ugahinga rimwe, hanyuma ugatunganya ubutaka kugira ngo wirinde ko amazi yiyongera. Ubuso bwiza bw'ubusitani bugororotse bugomba kuba buri hejuru gato hagati kandi bugatera buhoro buhoro bwerekeza ku mpande cyangwa impande. Ubusitani bukikije inyubako bugomba kuba buri munsi ya cm 5 ugereranije n'umushinge hanyuma bugatera imbere. Ubutaka aho ubutaka bwumye cyane cyangwa aho amazi yo mu butaka ari menshi cyane cyangwa aho amazi ari menshi cyane, kimwe n'ubwatsi bwo ku bibuga by'imikino, bigomba gushyirwaho imiyoboro ihishe cyangwa imiyoboro ifunguye yo gukurura amazi. Uburyo bwuzuye bwo gukurura amazi ni uburyo bw'imiyoboro ihishe ihujwe n'amazi cyangwa imiyoboro y'amazi. Mbere y'uko aho hantu hashyirwa ubugari bwa nyuma, umuyoboro w'amazi yo kuhira ugomba gutwikwa.
3 Uburyo bwo gutera ubwatsi
3.1 Uburyo bwo kubiba
Ikwiriye imbuto z'ibyatsi zivamo imbuto nyinshi kandi zoroshye kuzikusanya. Zishobora gukwirakwizwa n'imbuto. Muri rusange ziterwa mu gihe cy'umuhindo cyangwa impeshyi, zishobora no guterwa mu mpeshyi, ariko imbuto nyinshi z'ibyatsi zimera nabi mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe. Muri rusange, imbuto z'ibyatsi zo mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe ziterwa mu mpeshyi kandi zishobora guterwa mu mpera z'impeshyi no mu ntangiriro z'impeshyi; imbuto z'ibyatsi zo mu gihe cy'ubukonje ziterwa mu gihe cy'umuhindo. Kugira ngo hongerwe umuvuduko wo kumera, imbuto zigoye kumera zigomba kuvurwa mbere yo kubiba.
3.2 Uburyo bwo gutera imboga
Uburyo bwo gutera ibiti bushobora gukoreshwa ku bwoko bw'ibyatsi bishobora kwibasirwa n'udusimba, nka dogroot, tapi grass, zoysia tenuifolia, creeping bentgrass, nibindi. Ubu buryo ni ugutera ubwatsi bw'inkoko, gukurura ubutaka bufatanye n'imizi cyangwa kubwoza n'amazi, hanyuma ugasanza imizi cyangwa ukayikatamo ibice bigufi bifite uburebure bwa cm 5 kugeza ku 10, buri gice kikagira nibura agace kamwe. Shyira ibice bito by'imiti ku butaka neza, hanyuma upfuke ubutaka bwiza bufite ubugari bwa cm 1, ukande gato, hanyuma uhite utera amazi ako kanya. Kuva ubu, tera amazi rimwe ku munsi mu gitondo na nimugoroba, kandi ugabanye buhoro buhoro umubare w'amazi atera imizi nyuma yuko imizi ishinze imizi. Imizi ishobora guterwa mu mpeshyi igihe imbuto z'ibyatsi zitangiye kumera, ariko akenshi bikorwa muri Kanama kugeza Nzeri mu gihe cy'umuhindo, kuko bifata amezi 3 mu gutera mu mpeshyi, n'amezi 2 mu gihe cy'umuhindo kugira ngo utwikire ubutaka.
3.3 Uburyo bwo gutera mu bice bitandukanye
Nyuma yo gukurura ubwatsi, shyira ibihuru witonze hanyuma ubitere mu myobo cyangwa uduce duto ku ntera runaka. Niba Zoysia tenuifolia itewe ukwayo, ishobora guterwa mu duce duto ku ntera ya cm 30 kugeza kuri 40. Buri metero 1 y'ibyatsi ishobora guterwa muri metero 30 kugeza kuri 50. Nyuma yo kubitera, bishyira hasi hanyuma ubivomerere neza. Mu gihe kizaza, witondere kutabyumisha ubutaka no gukomeza uburyo bwo kubicunga. Nyuma yo kubitera, ubwatsi bushobora gutwikirwa n'ubutaka nyuma y'imyaka 2. Niba ushaka kororoka vuba no gukora ubwatsi, gabanya intera iri hagati y'uduce duto.
3.4 Uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza
Akamaro nyamukuru k'ubu buryo ni uko bushobora gukora ubwatsi vuba, bushobora gukorwa igihe icyo ari cyo cyose, kandi bworoshye kubucunga nyuma yo guterwa. Ariko, burahenze kandi busaba ubutaka bwinshi. Bushobora kugabanywamo imiterere ikurikira.
(1) Uburyo bwo gupfuka ubutaka. Uburyo bwo gupfuka ubutaka bwose nta cyuho gisize. Kata ubwatsi mo imirongo miremire, ifite ubugari bwa cm 25 kugeza kuri 30 n'ubugari bwa cm 4 kugeza kuri 5. Ntibugomba kuba bunini cyane kugira ngo budaremerera cyane. Mu gihe ukata ubwatsi, shyira ikibaho cy'imbaho gifite ubugari runaka ku busitani, hanyuma ugikate ukoresheje isuka y'ubwatsi ku nkengero z'ikibaho cy'imbaho. Mu gihe ushyiraho ubwatsi, intera ya cm 1 kugeza kuri 2 igomba gusigara ku mirongo y'ubwatsi. Ubuso bw'ubwatsi bushobora gukandagirwa no kuringanizwa n'umuyoboro kugira ngo ubuso bw'ubwatsi n'ubutaka bukikije bube uburinganire. Muri ubu buryo, ubwatsi n'ubutaka biba bifatanye, birinzwe amapfa, kandi ubwatsi bworoshye guhinga. Ubutaka bugomba kuvomererwa bihagije mbere na nyuma yo kubushyiraho.
(2) Uburyo bwo gusiga amabuye hagati. Muri rusange hari uburyo bubiri bwo gusiga amabuye. Ubwa mbere ni ugukoresha ubwatsi bw'urukiramende, bukozwe mu buryo bwa kaburimbo kandi buzunguruka, hagati ya buri gice hakaba hari intera ya cm 3 kugeza kuri 6, kandi ubuso bwa kaburimbo bugizwe na 1/3 cy'ubuso bwose. Ikindi ni uko buri gice cy'ubwatsi giteye mu buryo bunyuranye, gifite ishusho nk'indabyo z'amapera, kandi ubuso bwo guteramo ni 1/2 cy'ubuso bwose. Mu gutera, aho ubwatsi buterwa hagomba gucukurwa hakurikijwe ubunini bw'ubwatsi kugira ngo ubwatsi n'ubuso bw'ubutaka bibe uburinganire. Iyo ubwatsi bumaze gushyirwaho, bushobora gukurwaho hanyuma bukavomerwa. Urugero, iyo uteye mu mpeshyi, stolons zizakura mu mpande zose nyuma y'igihe cy'imvura, kandi ubwatsi buzaba bufatanye cyane.
(3) Uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ingingo.Kata ubwatsiUduce duto tw’ubugari bwa cm 6 kugeza kuri 12 hanyuma udutera ahantu hatandukanye hagati y’umurongo na cm 20 na 30. Ubwatsi buteye muri ubu buryo bushobora guhuzwa neza nyuma y’igice cy’umwaka. Uburyo bwo gucunga nyuma yo gutera ni bumwe no gukoresha uburyo bwo guteranya ubutaka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-14-2024