Ubutaka ni igice cy'ingenzi mu mirimo yo gutera imboga, kandi gutwikira ubwatsi ni kimwe mu bimenyetso by'ingenzi byo gusuzuma urwego rw'ubutaka bugezweho. Ibimera by'ubwatsi ahanini bivuga ibimera bigufi bitwikiriye ubutaka. Bishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora ahantu hanini h'ubwatsi burambuye cyangwa butose. Ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigaragaza ibidukikije by'ubwatsi n'urwego rw'ubutaka. Ubutaka si ahantu abantu baruhukira no gusura muri pariki, ubusitani, ibibuga, imihanda, pariki z'inyamaswa, ubusitani bw'ibimera, pariki z'imyidagaduro, amashuri, ibitaro, nibindi, ahubwo bushobora no gukoreshwa mu bibuga by'imikino, ibibuga by'indege, ingomero, imigezi, gari ya moshi, imihanda minini, no kurinda imisozi. Ni ibimera byo ku butaka bifite ubutaka bwiza.
Guhitamo ubusitani busanzwe
Amahitamo yaicyatsi kibisibifitanye isano n'imiterere y'aho batera, imiterere y'ubwatsi n'imiterere y'ibinyabuzima by'ubwoko bw'ibyatsi. Niba ubwatsi bushobora kugira akamaro kabwo mu buryo bwuzuye bifitanye isano itaziguye n'ubwoko bw'ubwatsi bwatoranijwe. Kubwibyo, ibintu bikurikira bigomba kwitabwaho mu guhitamo ubwoko bw'ubwatsi: ① Ubwoko bw'ubwatsi bushobora kwihuza n'ibidukikije byo mu gace, bworoshye kororoka, bukura vuba, kandi bugumana amababi y'icyatsi kibisi igihe kirekire mu mwaka wose. ② Ubwoko bw'ubwatsi buhoraho budashobora gutemwa no gukandagirwa, kandi bufite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo guhangana n'ibyatsi bibi. ③ Ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kwihuza n'ibidukikije bibi, burwanya amapfa, amazi menshi, imyuka yangiza, udukoko n'indwara, ubugumba, nibindi. ④ Dukurikije imiterere yo kubungabunga no gucunga, gerageza guhitamo ubwoko bw'ubwatsi bufite ibimera bigufi, amababi yoroheje, imikurire ihoraho, n'amababi meza.
Gutegura ubutaka mbere yo gutera
Mbere yo gushyiraho ubwatsi, ubutaka bugomba kunozwa kandi hagategurwa uburyo bwo kuvomerera no kuhira. Mu ntangiriro yo gushyiraho ubwatsi, ibyatsi bibi bigomba gukurwaho kandi amatafari yose, amabuye n'ibindi bisigazwa bigomba gukurwaho. Ubwatsi bugomba gusimbuzwa neza kandi bugashyirwamo amazi menshi kandi bugashyirwamo amazi make. Ibimera by'ubwatsi ni ibyatsi bigufi bidafite imizi minini kandi imizi ikwirakwira mu buryo budasobanutse. Gerageza gukora ubugari bw'ubutaka bwa cm 40, byaba byiza bitarenze cm 30. Niba ubutaka buboneka mu duce duto, Niba ubutaka ari bubi cyangwa hari ubutaka bwinshi buvanze, ubutaka bugomba gusimbuzwa kugira ngo ubwatsi bukure neza. Mu gutegura ubutaka, ushobora gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda, nk'ifumbire mvaruganda, ifumbire mvaruganda, peat n'izindi fumbire mvaruganda, hanyuma ugahinga rimwe, hanyuma ugatunganya ubutaka kugira ngo wirinde ko amazi yiyongera. Ubuso bwiza bw'ubwatsi bukwiye kuba buri hejuru gato hagati kandi bugatera buhoro buhoro bwerekeza ku mpande cyangwa impande. Ubwatsi bukikije inyubako bugomba kuba buri munsi ya cm 5 ugereranije n'umusingi hanyuma bugatera imbere. Ubutaka aho ubutaka bwumye cyane cyangwa aho amazi yo mu butaka ari menshi cyane cyangwa aho amazi ari menshi cyane, kimwe n'ubwatsi bwo ku bibuga by'imikino, bigomba gushyirwaho imiyoboro ihishe cyangwa imiyoboro ifunguye yo gukurura amazi. Uburyo bwuzuye bwo gukurura amazi ni uburyo bw'imiyoboro ihishe ihujwe n'amazi cyangwa imiyoboro y'amazi. Mbere y'uko aho hantu hashyirwa ubugari bwa nyuma, umuyoboro w'amazi yo kuhira ugomba gutwikwa.
Uburyo bwoubwatsi bw'ibimera
1Uburyo bwo kubiba .1
Ikwiriye ubwoko bw'ibyatsi bifite imbuto nyinshi kandi byoroshye gukusanya, nka buffalo grass, tall fescue, zoysia grass, carex, bluegrass, clover, Manila grass, nibindi, bishobora gukwirakwizwa n'imbuto. Muri rusange iterwa mu gihe cy'umuhindo cyangwa impeshyi, ishobora no guterwa mu mpeshyi, ariko imbuto nyinshi z'ibyatsi zimera nabi mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe. Muri rusange, imbuto z'ibyatsi zo mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe ziterwa mu mpeshyi kandi zishobora guterwa mu mpera z'impeshyi no mu ntangiriro z'impeshyi; imbuto z'ibyatsi zo mu gihe cy'ubukonje ziterwa mu gihe cy'umuhindo. Kugira ngo hongerwe igipimo cyo kumera, imbuto zigoye kumera zigomba kuvurwa mbere yo guterwa. Ishobora kwinjizwa mu muti wa NaOH wa 0.5% mu gihe cy'amasaha 24, yozwa n'amazi hanyuma ikamanurwa mbere yo guterwa. Ibi bizoroshya kumera no kumera neza, nk'imbuto za zoysia. Byongeye kandi, niba uruhu rw'imbuto z'ubwanwa bw'intama rufite umwuka mubi, banza woge n'amazi meza mbere yo guterwa. Gutera imbuto birimo gutera rimwe no gutera ubwoko buvanze bw'amoko 2 kugeza kuri 3. Mu gihe cyo gutera ubwatsi bwonyine, ingano igomba kugenwa hashingiwe ku mbuto z'ibyatsi, igipimo cyo kumera kw'imbuto, nibindi. Igipimo rusange ni 10-20 g/m2. Gutera imbuto zivanze ni ukuvanga izindi mbuto no kuzipfundikira vuba mbere y'uko imbuto z'ibanze zigira ubwatsi, nka 85% kugeza 90% by'ibyatsi by'ubururu na 10% kugeza 15% by'ibyatsi by'ubururu.
1Uburyo bwo kubiba imboga .2
Uburyo bwo gutera ibiti bushobora gukoreshwa ku bwoko bw'ibyatsi bishobora kwibasirwa n'udusimba, nka dogroot, tapi grass, zoysia tenuifolia, creeping bentgrass, nibindi. Ubu buryo ni ugutera ubwatsi bw'inkoko, gukurura ubutaka bufatanye n'imizi cyangwa kubwoza n'amazi, hanyuma ugasanza imizi cyangwa ukayikatamo ibice bigufi bifite uburebure bwa cm 5 kugeza ku 10, buri gice kikagira nibura agace kamwe. Shyira ibice bito by'imiti ku butaka neza, hanyuma upfuke ubutaka bwiza bufite ubugari bwa cm 1, ukande gato, hanyuma uhite utera amazi ako kanya. Kuva ubu, tera amazi rimwe ku munsi mu gitondo na nimugoroba, kandi buhoro buhoro ugabanye umubare w'amazi atera imizi nyuma yuko imizi ishinze imizi. Imizi ishobora guterwa mu mpeshyi igihe imbuto z'ibyatsi zitangiye kumera, ariko akenshi bikorwa kuva muri Kanama kugeza muri Nzeri mu gihe cy'umuhindo, kuko bifata amezi 3 mu gihe cyo gutera mu mpeshyi, n'amezi 2 mu gihe cyo gutera mu gihe cy'umuhindo kugira ngo utwikire ubutaka.
1Uburyo bwo gutera mu bice bitandukanye.
Nyuma yo gukurura ubwatsi, shyira ibihuru witonze hanyuma ubitere mu myobo cyangwa uduce duto ku ntera runaka. Niba Zoysia tenuifolia itewe ukwayo, ishobora guterwa mu duce duto ku ntera ya cm 30 kugeza kuri 40. Kuri buri metero 1 y'ibyatsi byatewe, hashobora guterwa metero 30 kugeza kuri 50. Nyuma yo kubitera, bishyira hasi hanyuma ubivomerere neza. Mu gihe kizaza, witondere kutabyumisha ubutaka no gukomeza uburyo bwo kubicunga. Nyuma yo kubitera, ubwatsi bushobora gutwikirwa n'ubutaka nyuma y'imyaka 2. Niba ushaka kororoka vuba kandi ugakora ubwatsi, gabanya intera iri hagati y'uduce duto.
1Uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza
Akamaro nyamukuru k'ubu buryo ni uko bushobora gukora ubwatsi vuba, bushobora gukorwa igihe icyo ari cyo cyose, kandi bworoshye kubucunga nyuma yo guterwa. Ariko, burahenze kandi busaba ubutaka bwinshi. Bushobora kugabanywamo imiterere ikurikira.
(1) Uburyo bwo gupfuka ubutaka. Uburyo bwo gupfuka ubutaka bwose nta cyuho gisize. Kata ubwatsi mo imirongo miremire, ifite ubugari bwa cm 25 kugeza kuri 30 n'ubugari bwa cm 4 kugeza kuri 5. Ntibugomba kuba bunini cyane kugira ngo budaremerera cyane. Mu gihe ukata ubwatsi, shyira ikibaho cy'imbaho gifite ubugari runaka ku busitani, hanyuma ugikate ukoresheje isuka y'ubwatsi ku nkengero z'ikibaho cy'imbaho. Mu gihe ushyiraho ubwatsi, intera ya cm 1 kugeza kuri 2 igomba gusigara ku mpande z'ubwatsi. Ubuso bw'ubwatsi bushobora gukandagirwa no kuringanizwa n'umuyoboro kugira ngo ubuso bw'ubwatsi n'ubutaka bukikije bube uburinganire. Muri ubu buryo, ubwatsi n'ubutaka biba bifatanye, birinzwe amapfa, kandi ubwatsi bworoshye guhinga. Ubutaka bugomba kuvomererwa bihagije mbere na nyuma yo kubushyiraho.
(2) Uburyo bwo gusiga amabuye hagati. Muri rusange hari uburyo bubiri bwo gusiga amabuye. Ubwa mbere ni ugukoresha ubwatsi bw'urukiramende, bukozwe mu buryo bwa kaburimbo kandi buzunguruka, hagati ya buri gice hakaba hari intera ya cm 3 kugeza kuri 6, kandi ubuso bwa kaburimbo bugizwe na 1/3 cy'ubuso bwose. Ikindi ni uko buri gice cy'ubwatsi giteye mu buryo bunyuranye, gifite ishusho nk'indabyo z'amapera, kandi ubuso bwo guteramo ni 1/2 cy'ubuso bwose. Mu gutera, aho ubwatsi buterwa hagomba gucukurwa hakurikijwe ubunini bw'ubwatsi kugira ngo ubwatsi n'ubuso bw'ubutaka bibe uburinganire. Iyo ubwatsi bumaze gushyirwaho, bushobora gukurwaho hanyuma bukavomerwa. Urugero, iyo uteye mu mpeshyi, stolons zizakura mu mpande zose nyuma y'igihe cy'imvura, kandi ubwatsi buzaba bufatanye cyane.
(3) Uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ibimera. Kata ubwatsi mo uduce dure turekure dufite ubugari bwa cm 6 kugeza kuri 12 hanyuma uteremo hagati y'umurongo n'umurongo hagati ya cm 20 na 30. Ubwatsi buteye muri ubu buryo bushobora guhuzwa neza nyuma y'igice cy'umwaka. Uburyo bwo kubukoresha nyuma yo gutera ni bumwe no gukoresha uburyo bwo kubumba.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 31 Nyakanga-2024