Uyu munsi dukomeje gusangira ibitekerezo bimwe na bimwe ku bijyanye no gucunga ibiti birebire mu gihe cy'itumba kugira ngo abasomyi babikoreho.
B. Gukuraho urubura
Niba ari ngombwa gukuraho urubura rutwikiriye ibyatsi ni ikibazo gikunze kugaragara mu gihe cy'itumba ry'ibyatsi. Ubushakashatsi bujyanye nabyo butanga igisubizo gisobanutse neza: Mu mpera z'itumba, ni ngombwa gukomeza gutwikira urubura ku byatsi byangiritse uko bishoboka kose kugira ngo birindwe. Urubura rushobora gukumira ko ibyatsi bihura n'ikirere cyo hejuru (ubushyuhe buke butuma ubutaka bushyushye bwakonje, bityo bikagabanya ubukonje bw'ibyatsi). Urubura rushobora gukomeza gukingira ubukonje bw'ibyatsi (kongera igihe cyo kwirinda ubukonje). Iyo urubura rushonge vuba, kurinda ubukonje bw'ibyatsi bizakora gusa mu gihe cy'ijoro (bikamara iminsi myinshi), ariko ibi birahagije kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika gukomeye. Birumvikana ko ubuso bw'ibyatsi bugomba kugenzurwa buri gihe kugira ngo hamenyekane niba hari urubura rwinshi.
Ubutaka bushobora gukomeza kubaho munsi y'urubura mu gihe cy'ubukonje bwa mbere. Uko ibyatsi bijya mu cyiciro cyo gukomera, ubutaka bugenda bukonja kandi ubushyuhe bukagabanuka buhoro buhoro, ibyangiritse bishobora kugabanuka. Ingorane mbi ni uko ubutaka budakonja, imvura igwa kandi ubushyuhe bukagabanuka mu buryo butunguranye, kandi ibyangiritse bitewe na byo ntibishobora kwirindwa.
Ikoreshwa ry'umukaragutunganya umucanga hejurubituma inzira yo gukuramo ibara ry’umukara ishoboka cyane. Iki gikoresho gishobora kugenzurwa cyane mu bihe bimwe na bimwe by’itumba. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko gushyira ibiro 70-100 by’umucanga w’umukara kuri metero kare 1.000 bishobora gushonga vuba urubura rwinshi. Muri rusange, hagati mu gihe cy’itumba, urubura rwinshi rufite ubugari bwa santimetero 2-4 rushobora gushonga burundu mu masaha 24. Iyo amazi ava mu rubura rwashonze n’urubura agomba gusohorwa ahantu runaka, byongeye gushimangirwa ko sitade igomba kugira uburyo buhagije bwo kuvoma amazi kugira ngo amazi ava mu butaka.
C. Gupfuka
Kugira ngo hagenzurwe ibyangiritse mu gihe cy'itumba, gupfuka ibyatsi (bifasha kugabanya amazi atakaza mu busitani, gukumira ubukonje, no kugumana ubushyuhe, nibindi) ntibikwiye kwirengagizwa. Gukoresha ibikoresho byo gusana busitani ni ingirakamaro mu kurinda ubwatsi ahantu humutse. Uretse kugabanya amazi atakaza, bishobora no gutuma ubwatsi bukura vuba iyo busitani bukuweho mu mpeshyi.
Ku bijyanye no gukoresha igitambaro cyo gusana, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko akenshi, gusana hakoreshejwe imyenda idafunze, inzitiramibu cyangwa ibindi bintu bishobora kugira uruhare mu gukingira, ariko ubwatsi ntibushobora guhinduka bitewe n'imimerere yose. Nubwo hafatwa ingamba zo gukumira, ikibazo cyo kuvura cyane kizakomeza kubaho munsi y'urusobe rw'ibyatsi. Nk'uko byavuzwe haruguru, ingaruka z'ubushyuhe ku tunyangingo tw'ibyatsi nazo ziravugwa. Kubwibyo, gusana ibyatsi mu gihe cy'itumba ni ukugira ngo hirindwe ko ubushyuhe buhindagurika butera ubukonje bukabije no gushonga kw'utunyangingo tw'ibyatsi ndetse no kwangirika kw'ubukonje. Hari ibintu bitandukanye bishobora gutoranywa mu gusana ibyatsi, nk'amashuka ya pulasitiki, amarido y'ibyatsi, amashuka, nibindi. Bamwe mu bahanga bemeza ko gupfuka umucanga munini cyangwa gupfuka inzitiramibu bihendutse. Byongeye kandi, gusana ntibishobora gufungurwa igice cyangwa kwangirika, kandi imifuka y'umucanga ikandagira inzitiramibu igomba kwimurwa buri gihe, mu gihe ibiti bitose neza.
Igihe cyiza cyo gusasira ubwatsi ni kimwe mu bintu bikunze kugaragara ku bashinzwe gutunganya ibyatsi. Gushyira mu bikorwa kare cyane bizatinza cyangwa bigasubiza inyuma uburyo ubwatsi bukomera. Iyo hari iminsi myinshi y'izuba mu Kuboza, ubushyuhe bw'ubwatsi buzazamuka vuba nyuma yo gupfundikirwa, kandi ubushyuhe bw'ubwatsi bushobora gucika. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ikirere gito mu mpera z'itumba kizatera ubwatsi kuba icyatsi kare kandi bugakura munsi y'ubutwikirizo. Uburyo busanzwe ni ugupfuka ubwatsi kare bishoboka mbere y'uko urubura rugwa, no gukuraho ubutwikirizo mu ntangiriro z'impeshyi. Hari inzira zimwe na zimwe zizagerageza gukuraho ubutwikirizo ku manywa kugira ngo ibyatsi bihuze n'ubushyuhe buri kwiyongera mu mpeshyi. Niba itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe nijoro ari rinini, ubwatsi buzongera gupfundikirwa. Birumvikana ko uburemere bw'ubutwikirizo bukenewe muri iki gihe bugomba kugabanuka, kandi abakozi nabo bagomba guhindurwa.
D. Gufumbira
Gufumbira bihagijebigira uruhare runini mu gihe cy'itumba ry'ubwatsi. Mbere yuko ubwatsi butangira gukonja, hagomba kongerwamo ifumbire mvaruganda nk'ifumbire y'amatungo, peat na aside humic, kandi hagashyirwaho "amazi yo mu gihe cy'itumba" ahagije kugira ngo imizi y'ubwatsi ibashe kumera neza mu gihe cy'itumba. Hakwiye gukorwa isuku ikwiye, kandi hagapfundikirwa umucanga cyangwa ubutaka (ubutaka bufite imiterere imwe n'ubusitani bw'ubwatsi) n'ifumbire mvaruganda ku bwatsi kugira ngo bikomeze gushyuha, bibike amazi kandi bitange ifumbire. Abashakashatsi bagerageje gukura kw'ubwatsi mbere y'itumba maze basanga ko kongera potasiyumu na fosifore ari ibintu by'ingenzi kugira ngo ibyatsi bishobore kwihanganira ubukonje. Kugira ngo ubwatsi burusheho kwihanganira ubukonje, hakenewe ifumbire zitandukanye, uhereye ku ifumbire ya azote, ari yo itera imbaraga mu kwinjiza intungamubiri mu byatsi.
Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko kubika ibimera bya karubohidrati bitangira kwiyongera iyo ifumbire y'impeshyi ifumbire. Kugenzura ingano y'ifumbire ya azote iboneka bishobora gutuma ibyatsi bikura ku rwego rwifuzwa bitagize ingaruka ku mikurire y'imizi. Inshuro nyinshi, ifumbire nyinshi ikoreshwa mu mpera z'itumba ishobora gutuma habaho ingaruka nziza ku bimera, ariko nanone ishobora kwangirika no kurwara. Gahunda zo gufumbira nyuma y'igihembwe zigomba kwibanda ku kunoza ubushobozi bw'ubutaka bwo guhangana n'ubushyuhe buke, ni ukuvuga gushishikariza no gushyigikira kubika karubohidrati (ingenzi mu gutuma ikomera), bishobora gukoresha intungamubiri ziboneka neza no guha abakozi "idirishya" ryo kumenya uko ibyatsi bihagaze.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-20-2024