Ubutaka bwiza ntibushobora gutandukanywa no kubucunga neza, ariko intambwe z'akazi mu gihe cyo kubushyiraho nazo ni ingenzi cyane. Ibibazo byinshi bikunze kugaragara mu gucunga ubutaka bishobora kuba bifitanye isano itaziguye cyangwa itaziguye n'amakosa cyangwa uburangare mu gikorwa cyo kubushyiraho. Iyo akazi gakozwe mu gihe cyo kubushyiraho gakozwe neza kandi mu buryo bwitondewe, imirimo yo kubucunga nyuma yo kubushyiraho nayo izaba nta mpungenge, ariko iyo gutera bidakwiye, bishobora guteza ibibazo nko kororoka ibyatsi bibi, kwangiza udukoko, ubutaka bubi, gukura nabi kw'ibyatsi byo mu gasozi, nibindi ku rugero rutandukanye. Kubwibyo, kimwe n'indi mishinga rusange y'ubwubatsi, gutera ubwatsiIgomba kandi kugira uburyo bumwe na bumwe, ahanini: gutegura aho iherereye, guhitamo imbuto z'ibyatsi, gukwirakwiza ubwatsi, nibindi. Ku mishinga igomba gutangwa kugira ngo ikoreshwe, ugomba kandi kwita no kubungabunga ubwatsi bukiri buto mbere yo kubutanga. Yashoboye gukora ubwatsi bwiza cyane.
Uburyo bwo gutera ubwatsi bushya
Gutera ubwatsi bushya ni akazi katoroshye kandi gakorwa mu buryo bunoze. Bisaba urukurikirane rw'imbogamizi ku ishyirwaho rishingiye ku turere dutandukanye, imiterere y'aho hantu hatandukanye, ibisabwa bitandukanye n'ibindi bintu biturutse hanze. Ariko muri rusange, ikintu cy'ingenzi ni uguhindura ibintu bikurikira hakurikijwe imiterere itandukanye.
1. Hitamo ubwoko bw'ibyatsi byo mu gasozi bukwiye
Guhitamo ubwoko bw'ibyatsi byo mu gasozi bigira ingaruka ku bintu byinshi. Uretse ibyo abakiriya bakeneye n'ibyo abacuruzi b'imbuto basaba, icy'ingenzi ni uko ubwatsi bwo mu gasozi bwatoranijwe bugomba guhuzwa n'ikirere n'ubutaka byo mu gace. Urugero: niba ubutaka bwo guteramo bufite igicucu gito, ubwatsi bwo mu gasozi bushobora kwihanganira igicucu bugomba gutoranywa. Ubwatsi bwo mu gasozi bwatoranijwe bugomba kandi gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zitandukanye zo kubucunga nko gutema, gufumbira cyangwa kuhira. Ni kirazira cyane kwirengagiza aho gutera n'aho guterwa bitewe n'ibyo umuntu akunda. Kwinjiza ubwoko mu buryo butari bwo bitewe n'itandukaniro ry'ikirere aho bukomoka no korora no kubaka mu buryo bunini ntibizatera gusa gutsindwa, ahubwo bishobora no guteza igihombo kinini mu bukungu n'ibindi. Mu gutangiza cyangwa gukoresha ubwoko bushya bw'ubwatsi bwo mu gasozi, ugomba kugerageza kugisha inama impuguke zibishinzwe cyangwa abacuruzi b'imbuto z'ubwatsi. Niba bikenewe kandi bishoboka, muri rusange ugomba kubanza gukora igerageza ryo gutera ahantu hato kugira ngo wirinde igihombo kidakenewe mu bukungu. Ibisabwa byihariye byo guhitamo n'ibipimo ngenderwaho bizasobanurwa nyuma.
2. Gutegura igitanda giteretse
Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'ubwatsi, ariko ibisabwa ku butaka bw'ubwatsi ni bimwe. Byose bikenera imiterere y'ubutaka ishobora guhuza neza n'imikurire n'iterambere ry'ibyatsi by'ubwatsi. Kubwibyo, niba imiterere y'ubwatsi bw'ubwatsi idakwiye, hagomba gukorwa urukurikirane rw'imbuto ku butaka bw'ubwatsi bw'ubwatsi. Hagomba gukorwa imirimo yo gutegura kugira ngo ubutaka bugire amazi meza, buringaniye kandi bufite pH ikwiye. Muri icyo gihe, gufumbira ubutaka no kongeramo ibintu by'umwimerere bigomba gukorwa. Ariko, imirimo yihariye yo kubaka ubwatsi bw'ubwatsi ifitanye isano n'imiterere y'ubutaka bw'ubwatsi, nko mu gace k'iwabo. Imiterere y'ikirere izagira ingaruka ku gishushanyo mbonera no gushyiraho ibikoresho byo kuhira no kuvomerera ubutaka bw'ubwatsi ...
3. Gutera ubwatsi
Ubwatsi bwo mu gasozi bwatoranijwe bushobora gukwirakwizwa mu buryo bw’ibimera cyangwa hakoreshejwe imbuto. Buri kimwe gifite ibyiza n’ibibi byacyo, ariko uko ubwoko bw’ubwatsi bwakwirakwizwa kose, hagomba gutoranywa igihe n’uburyo runaka.
(1) Guhitamo igihe cyo gukwirakwiza ubwatsi
Mu buryo bw'imitekerereze, gukwirakwiza ubwatsi bishobora gukorwa umwaka wose, ariko kugira ngo habeho igipimo cyiza cyo gushinga ubwatsi, akenshi hatoranywa igihe runaka. Muri rusange, igihe cyose ubushyuhe bungana n'igihe cyo gukwirakwiza ubwatsi n'ubushyuhe nyuma y'amezi 2 kugeza kuri 3 nyuma yo gukwirakwiza Ubushyuhe burakwiriye gukura no gukura kw'ibyatsi byo mu gasozi. Mu turere dukonje haba hari igihe cyiza - mu ntangiriro z'impeshyi, mu mpera z'impeshyi cyangwa mu ntangiriro z'umuhindo. Muri rusange, gukwirakwiza ubwatsi bwo mu gihe cy'ubukonje bishobora guhitamo mu mpera z'impeshyi no mu ntangiriro z'umuhindo, mu gihe gukwirakwiza ubwatsi bwo mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bishobora guhitamo hagati y'impeshyi n'intangiriro z'impeshyi. Iyo hatoranijwe impeshyi, gutera bigomba gukorwa hakiri kare bishoboka, kugira ngo ingemwe zishobore gukura neza kandi zigashyiraho ubuso burambuye vuba bishoboka mbere y'uko ubushyuhe butangira, kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibyatsi bibi byo mu mpeshyi byinjira. Igihe cyiza cyo gukura kw'imbuto akenshi ni mu mpera z'impeshyi cyangwa mu ntangiriro z'umuhindo. Muri ibi bihe bibiri, ibyatsi bibi ntabwo bikomeye cyane mu mpeshyi, kandi ubushyuhe n'imvura ni byo byiza cyane ku gukura kw'ubwatsi bwo mu gasozi. Iyo byamaze igihe kinini mbere y'igihe cy'ubukonje bw'imbeho, Iyo imirimo yo kubaka ubwatsi irangiye, ubwatsi bwatewe mu gihe cy'ubukonje bushobora kwihanganira ubukonje bw'imbeho. Ariko, iyo wubaka ubwatsi bushya ku buriri burambuye, si byiza ko umuyobozi w'ubwatsi akomeza gushimangira ko iyo ubutaka bwo gutera buhuye n'ibipimo, bugomba guterwa hatitawe ku itariki yo gutera ari nziza. Niba uburiri burambuye bugomba kubakwa muri iki gihe, muri iki gihe, hagomba gushyirwaho imbaraga zidasanzwe kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka mbi zo gutera mu gihe kitari icy'igihe, nko gupfuka ibiti. Kugira ngo urinde ingemwe ku gihombo giterwa n'ubushyuhe n'umwuma w'ubutaka, ubuso bw'ubutaka bugomba gupfukwaho ibyatsi cyangwa ibindi bihingwa nka (ibyatsi), kandi bugatozwa neza. Izi ngamba ni ingirakamaro mu gutera mu mpera z'impeshyi no mu ntangiriro z'impeshyi. Gutera mu gihe cy'impeshyi akenshi ntibyoroshye kugera ku ntsinzi (usibye gukoresha imbuto nke z'ubwatsi bushyushye nka zoysia na bermudagrass mu kubaka ubwatsi). Gutekereza neza bishobora kugufasha kongera igihe cyo gutera kugeza mu mpera za Kanama. Mu gihe cy'itumba mu bice byinshi by'Amajyepfo, iyo ari ngombwa guhinga icyatsi kibisi (nk'ibibuga bya golf, n'ibindi), gutera ubwatsi bwa rye bishobora gutanga ubwatsi bushimishije bw'igihe gito.
Mu turere dushyuha cyane, igihe cyiza cyo gutera ni impeshyi (igihe ubushyuhe buhagije kugira ngo ubwatsi bumere). Uku gutera imbuto kare bizagumisha ubwatsi bwawe mu gihe cyose cyo guhinga mbere y'uko amezi y'ubukonje agera. Mu gihe cyo gushinga ubwatsi mu turere dushyuha, hari uburyo bwinshi bwo guhitamo amatariki yo gutera. Mu by'ukuri, aka gace gashobora guterwamo imbuto igihe icyo ari cyo cyose mu mpeshyi niba hari ubushuhe buhagije kugira ngo imbuto zimere kandi ubwatsi bukure.
(2) Gutera ubwatsi bukonje mu bice bitandukanye
Uduce dufite ubukonje bukabije (nk'uturere twinshi two mu majyaruguru y'igihugu cyanjye) dukunze gukoresha ibihingwa bivanze. Muri rusange, ingaruka zo gutera ubwatsi buvanze zirashimishije kuruta gutera rimwe gusa. Ariko, gutera ibihingwa bivanze ntibikunze gukorwa mu turere dushyuha. Ibi biterwa nuko ubwatsi bwinshi bwiza bwo mu butaka bushyuha bukoresha ibimera aho gukoresha imbuto. Muri icyo gihe, amarushanwa hagati yabwo ni menshi cyane. Muri uru rwego, ntabwo bikwiriye gutera ibimera bivanze. Gutera ibimera bivanze mu majyaruguru bifite ibyiza byinshi. Ikura nyaryo ry'ubwatsi bwa mbere mu gutera ibimera bivanze ritandukanye mu gihe cy'ihinga. Kubwibyo, kuva mu ntangiriro z'impeshyi kugeza mu mpera z'umuhindo, gukura kw'ubwatsi buvanze bishobora kuba bimwe. Muri icyo gihe, gutera ibimera bivanze bishobora kandi gukumira ikwirakwira ryihuse ry'indwara, bityo bikagabanya ibyangiritse ku isi.
Iyo utera ubwatsi buvanze mu turere dukonje, niba ingano ya buri bwoko ikwiye (ushobora gusaba inama n'ibitekerezo ku bacuruzi b'imbuto z'ibyatsi), ushobora kubanza gukoresha ubwatsi bw'igihe gito (cyangwa ubwatsi buhoraho) kugira ngo bufate ubutaka vuba, hanyuma Mu gihe gukura no gukura kw'ubu bwatsi bugenda buhoro, ubwatsi burambye bukura buhoro buhoro, bugakora ubwatsi buhamye. Ubwatsi bw'ubutayu bwo mu Butaliyani (ubwatsi bwo mu busitani) ntibukwiriye guterwamo ibimera bivanze kuko bukura cyane ku buryo butsindagira ibindi byatsi bikura buhoro. Niba hakenewe ubwatsi bw'ubutayu bwihanganira igicucu mu ruvange, ubwatsi bw'ubutayu (aho kuba uburibwe bw'inka) bushobora kugira 15% by'uruvange, bishobora guteza ingaruka zo gukura vuba. Ibi biterwa nuko ubwatsi bw'ubutayu bwihanganira igicucu mu gihe ubwatsi bw'ubutayu butameze neza. Ubwatsi buto bw'ubutayu nabwo bushobora gushyirwamo nk'igice cy'uruvange, ariko igipimo cyose cy'ubwatsi bwose bukura vuba (ubwatsi bw'ubutayu cyangwa ubwatsi bw'ubutayu hamwe n'ubwatsi buto bw'ubutayu) ntibugomba kurenza 25%. Uruvange rw'ibyatsi bigizwe n'imbuto zihendutse akenshi rugizwe n'ibyatsi by'igihe gito (ryegrass, meadow fescue, cyangwa chackgrass) hamwe n'igice gito cy'ibyatsi by'igihe kirekire bihenze cyane. Uko umubare w'imbuto z'igihe gito zirimo uba munini (hafi 25%), niko amahirwe yo kugira ibyatsi by'igihe kirekire bihinduka ubwatsi buhamye aba make.
Shyira ubwatsi rusange ku butaka bufite urumuri ruhagije n'uburumbuke buri ku rugero ruciriritse. Ubutaka bw'ibimera bihora bikonje bushobora kuba ubururu, ubururu bw'umuhengeri n'ubururu bw'umuhengeri, cyangwa ubururu bw'umuhengeri bushobora gukoreshwa. Ubwoko butandukanye. Imbuto z'ibimera bito zigomba kuba zirimo imbuto z'ibimera bikoroha kugira ngo hirindwe gufungana bishobora guteza ibibazo mu gihe kizaza. Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, kubera ko imiterere y'imikurire n'iterambere ry'ubururu bw'ibimera bikonje itandukanye n'iy'ubururu bw'ibimera bikonje, akenshi bikoreshwa mu gutera imbuto imwe aho kubiba ibimera bivanze hagati yabyo.-umuzungurukoifumbire mvarugandaBirumvikana ko ibi bitarwanya gutera ubwatsi buvanze mu butaka bukonje n'ubushyuhe bwakozwe neza mu turere tumwe na tumwe.
Mu gihe cyo gushyiraho ubwatsi bushobora kwihanganira igicucu mu bice bikonje, ubwatsi bunini bufite amashami menshi bugomba gusimburwa n’ubwatsi bunini kandi, iyo buvanze, hagomba gushyirwamo fescue y’umuhengeri, mu gihe downy bentgrass igomba gukoreshwa aho gukoresha thin bentgrass. Fescue yo mu rwuri na brangrass bigomba kuba ubwatsi bunini bukura vuba mu bwatsi buvanze. Mu bwatsi bushyuha, obtusegrass ni yo yihanganira igicucu cyane, mu gihe ubwatsi bwo mu matapi budashobora kwihanganira igicucu cyane.
Mu turere dukonje dufite ubutaka bubi n'ubuhaname, ubwatsi buvanze bugomba kuba burimo ubwatsi buto bw'ibimera, kandi umubare wa fescue y'umuhengeri nawo ugomba kwiyongera uko bikwiye. Muri iki gihe, kwishingikiriza ku byatsi by'ubururu bigomba kugabanuka. Mu byatsi by'ubururu bishyuha, bermudagrass ni ubwoko bwiza muri utwo duce kubera ko bihanganira amapfa menshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 25 Nyakanga-2024