(1) Intego ya gucuranga ibyatsi
Kuzunguruka ni ukuzunguruka no gukanda ku busitani ukoresheje akamashini gakanda. Kuzunguruka biringaniye ni ingirakamaro ku busitani, cyane cyane mu turere dukonje, kugira ngo ubusitani bube bwiza, kuzunguruka mu mpeshyi ni ngombwa cyane. Kuzunguruka bishobora kunoza ubuso bw'ubusitani. Ariko bizanateza ibibazo nko gupfunyika kw'ubutaka, bityo tugomba gusuzuma neza ibintu bitandukanye no kubivura mu bihe runaka.
①Kuzunguruka nyuma yo gutera bishobora kuringaniza uburiri, kunoza uburyo imbuto zihura n'ubutaka, no kunoza uburyo imbuto zimera buri gihe.
②Kuzunguruka nyuma yo gutera bituma imizi y'ubwatsi n'uburiri bihuzwa neza, ibyo bikaba byoroshye kwinjiza amazi kugira ngo habeho imizi mishya kugira ngo byoroshye gutera ubwatsi.
③Gutembera neza bishobora gutuma ibiti bikura neza kandi bikabuza gukura neza. Bigabanya ubugari bw'ibiti kandi bigatuma ubwatsi burushaho kuba bwiza kandi bugakomera.
④Kuzunguruka mbere yo gushushanya bishobora gutuma ubugari bw'ubwatsi bungana, bishobora kugabanya ubwiza bw'ubwatsi no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gutwara.
Byongeye kandi, kuzunguruka bishobora guhindura ubutaka no kunoza imiterere y'ubusitani. Urugero, bishobora kongera ubukana bw'ubusitani bwo mu kibuga cy'imikino, bigatuma ikibuga kiba kigororotse, no kunoza agaciro k'ubusitani; mu kuzunguruka, ubuso bw'ubusitani bushobora kugabanywa bitewe n'ubukonje bw'itumba n'impeshyi, kandi bigaterwa n'ibikorwa by'inzoka zo mu butaka, ibimonyo n'izindi nyamaswa. Kugaragara kw'ibirundo birarushaho kunozwa; kuzunguruka mu byerekezo bitandukanye bishobora no gukora imiterere y'ubusitani no kunoza imiterere y'ubusitani.
(2) Ihame ry'imikorere ryaumukingo w'ubwato
Imashini zizunguruka muri turf muri rusange zikozwe mu cyuma cyangwa mu cyuma gishongeshejwe kandi zifite ubugari n'umurambararo runaka. Zimwe mu mashini zizunguruka muri turf zigizwe n'ibice bibiri mu cyerekezo cy'ubugari, ku buryo izi mashini zombi zishobora kugira umuvuduko utandukanye mu gihe zizunguruka, kugira ngo hirindwe cyangwa bigabanye kunyerera guterwa n'umuvuduko utari woroshye wo kuzunguruka kwa turf mu cyerekezo cy'umurambararo mu gihe zizunguruka. Kwangirika. Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa mashini zizunguruka muri turf, nko mu bwoko bwa hand push, stepping self-propelled type n'ubwoko bwa tractor.
Imashini nyinshi zo gukurura ubusitani zifite ibikoresho bigabanya uburemere, kandi ibikoresho bigabanya uburemere nk'ibiti bya sima, imifuka y'umucanga cyangwa ibyuma bishobora gushyirwa ku gikoresho gikurura ubusitani hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu gukurura ubusitani. Imashini zimwe zo gukurura ubusitani zirafunze, kandi amazi, umucanga, ibiti bito bya sima, nibindi bikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho bigabanya uburemere kandi bigashyirwa mu mwobo unyuze mu myobo yo gushyiramo ku ruhande rw'icyuma kugira ngo byongere ubwiza bw'icyuma cyo gukurura ubusitani. Ni byiza gukoresha amazi nk'ibikoresho bigabanya uburemere bw'iki cyuma, kandi kongeramo cyangwa gukuramo icyuma cyo gukurura ubusitani biroroshye gukora.
Muri rusange, ubugari bw'umugozi w'ubwato ni hagati ya metero 0.6 na metero 1, kandi ukururwa n'imashini igenda inyuma cyangwa imodoka igenda. Imigozi minini kandi minini ikururwa cyangwa ihagarikwa na traktori nini, kandi ubugari bwazo ni nibura metero 2 cyangwa zirenga. Ubwiza bw'imigozi y'ubwato buri hagati ya kilogarama 250 ku bwoko buto busunikwa n'intoki kugeza kuri kilogarama 3500 ku bwoko bunini bukururwa na traktori.
(3) Gukoreshaivuikizingo
①Amahitamo y'imashini izunguruka. Imashini izunguruka ishobora kuzunguruka n'intoki cyangwa ikoresheje ikoranabuhanga. Imashini izunguruka ifite moteri ni 80-500kg, kandi ipine izunguruka n'intoki ipima 60-200kg. Imashini zizunguruka zirimo imashini zizunguruka n'amabuye, imashini zizunguruka sima, imashini zizunguruka n'ibyuma bidafite aho bibohera, n'ibindi. Imashini izunguruka n'ibyuma bidafite aho biboheraAmasafuriya ashobora kuzuzwamo amazi, kandi ubwiza bushobora guhindurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo guhindura ingano y'amazi. Ubwiza bwo kuzunguruka buterwa n'umubare n'intego yo kuzunguruka. Urugero, ni byiza gukanda inshuro nke (200kg) kugira ngo ushyireho ubuso bw'igitanda, kandi ugakanda gato (50-60kg) niba imbuto zihuye n'ubutaka nyuma yo kubiba. Hakwiye kwirindwa ko imbaraga ziba nyinshi cyane ku buryo zitatera gupfunyika kw'ubutaka, cyangwa imbaraga zidahagije kugira ngo ugere ku ngaruka ziteganijwe.
②Igihe cyo gusimbuka. Ubwatsi bw'ibihuru bugomba kuzungurutswa mu gihe cy'ihinga, ubwatsi bw'ibihuru bugomba gukoreshwa mu gihe cy'impeshyi n'impeshyi iyo ubwatsi bukura cyane, naho ubwatsi bw'ibihuru bugomba gukoreshwa mu mpeshyi. Ubundi gihe cyo gusimbuka akenshi biterwa n'igiheUrugero, nko kuzinga ku buriri, nyuma yo kubiba, mbere yo gutera ibiti na nyuma yo gutera ubwatsi, no kuzinga ku busitani mbere na nyuma y'umukino, hamwe n'ahantu hari ubutaka bukonje. Kuzinga nyuma yo gushonga mu mpeshyi.
③Amabwiriza yo kwirinda mu gihe cyo kuzenguruka.
a. Ubwatsi bwo mu gasozi ntibukwiriye gupfunyika iyo budafite imbaraga.
b. Gerageza kwirinda kuzunguruka cyane ku butaka butose kugira ngo wirinde ko ubutaka bupfukirana kandi bugire ingaruka ku mikurire y'ibyatsi byo mu gasozi.
c. Irinde ko ubutaka bwumye cyane bushobora gukurura ubusitani.
d. Bigomba gukorwa hamwe n'ingamba zo gucunga nko gucukura, gucukura, gufumbira no gutwikira umucanga.
Ni ryari gusimbuza ubwatsi bikorwa muri rusange
Mu turere two mu majyaruguru, mu gihe cy'ubukonje bw'imbeho, ubutaka bumara igihe kirekire bukonje, kandi uko ikirere gishyuha mu ntangiriro z'impeshyi, habaho igihe cy'ubukonje bw'ijoro n'ubushyuhe bwa buri munsi.
Iyo inzoka zo mu butaka zikoze imyobo myinshi mu busitani, kandi icyarimwe zikirundanya amase menshi ku buso bw'ubutaka, buso bw'ubutaka bukora ibirundo byinshi bitangana, bigasenya ubugari bw'ubusitani kandi bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bwiza bw'ubusitani.
Kuzunguruka ntibikwiriye ku busitani budakura cyane, kandi ubutaka bwumye cyane cyangwa butose cyane.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-24-2024